Breakeven & Business

Certain elements of business show that to achieve high profitability a better and diverse product mix will result in more capacity utilization. Therefore capacity utilization has a direct relation to profitability and product mix. This is because if capacity is fully utilized will the profit be reaching to the maximum as fixed costs will remain the same.However if the profit is to be further increased it is necessary to enhance the capacity as a result more capacity would need to be used to first cover the fixed costs of the new capacity installed. Similarly in one machine, a number of products can be made; therefore not all products will be made to the fullest as one product or the other production will be scarified. What companies try to achieve is the right product mix so that optimal profitability is achieved and therefore make the business more versatile.Though it is the decision of the person in charge to decide either to fully utilize the capacity using the most profitable pro duct or make a number of products to focus on product diversity rather than on profitability. (Source: Reliance Industries Limited, High Density Polyethylene Pipes Beyond Water Supply)References 1. Ms Poorvi C. Desai – Polymers, Reliance Industries Limited, High Density Polyethylene Pipes Beyond Water Supply. Retrieved on October 5, 2008, from http://www. polymerupdate. com/poorvidesai/pdf/HDPE_Pipes. pdf

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The purpose of this research is to determine what and how sales and inventory system can be a gig help for the business in recording and tracking the sales simultaneously. CHAPTER I Introduction Computer technology nowadays changes very fast. So it is very important for a business to cope up in such changes in order to be competitive with others. Using a manual sales and inventory for recording and tracking the sales is time consuming and not advisable for a big establishment to use.So, we are proposing this sales and inventory system, a software-based business solution used to simultaneously track sales activity and inventory. With the implementation Of this system in a business, it would be a great help. The program allows the entered sales to be computed accurately. Just by having all the items' information enters into a database. It is easy to use, effective and efficient in organizing, tracking and calculating the sales.In addition, this study aims to develop reliable and manage able computerized sales and inventory system for Derides Poultry and Agar-Supply for a better manageable of a business. 1. 1 Background of the Study Define a Sales & Inventory System In the past, sales and inventory systems were mutually exclusive systems, with one used to sell merchandise and the other used to track it; modern mint-of-sale systems incorporate computerized access to the inventory control system, allowing for real-time updating.An inventory and sales system working in unison effectively tracks product from the moment it enters the store to the moment it leaves, barring losses due to shrinkage. Separate Origins of Sales and Inventory Systems Originally, in the era before computers, sales were tracked with counter ledgers or, later on, mechanically issued receipts from cash registers. Inventories had their own ledger book, meaning that the two systems were entirely separate out of necessity. With the advent of modern computer technology, it has become possible to combi ne the two systems into one digital process.

Jake

Hasnu, the stone cutter Plot A stonecutter named Hashnu sat beside the highway cutting stone when the King’s courtiers cross the street. He then wished to be King and that wish was granted. Then he felt the sun’s heat thinking that the sun was powerful than the king so he wished to be the sun. He became the sun but then the cloud covered the sun. Thinking that the cloud was powerful than the sun, he then wishes to be the cloud. When he became the cloud, he then wished to be a rock for it didn’t move for all of his raining and blowing.Then he experienced the hardships of being a rock being sculpted by a stonecutter so he wishes to be a stonecutter again and fulfilled his duty contentedly. Conflict  · The conflict in the story is when Hashnu wants to be the most powerful. Climax  · The climax in the story is when Hashnu wants to be the king, the sun, the cloud, the rock and the stone cutter again. Denouement  · The denouement in the story is when Hashnu reali zed that the most powerful among the creations of God is still the man and he now fulfill his duty as a stonecutter contentedly. CharactersProtagonist:  · Hashnu- the stonecutter Antagonist:  · Hashnu-the stonecutter Setting Time- Time of Monarchs Location- Along the road where the King and his courtiers were crossing. Theme The theme of the story is life process because the story tells the experiences of Hashnu when he became a king, a sun, a cloud, a rock and the stonecutter again. Point of view The point of view of the story is third person because the narrator is not a participant in the story and his knowledge is limited only to the character of Hashnu. Conflict The conflict in the story is Man Vs.Society because here in the story Hashnu struggles with himself and his desire to be the most powerful. Symbol The symbol in the story is the mallet which is used by the stonecutter. Moral Lesson Be contented with who you are. The Lady or the Tiger Plot – A semibarbaric kin g discovers his daughter is having an unlawful affair with a male suitor. The male suitor is soon arrested and forced to go to trial, a trial that consists of an arena with two doors. Behind one door is a tiger, set to maul the unlucky criminal; behind the other is a beautiful bride, set to euphimistically maul the lucky criminal.The princess, who loves the young criminal, knows behind which door awaits the tiger, points to the right, indicating which door the young man should choose. Setting – The story takes place a long time ago in a kingdom far, far away. Characterization – The king is semibarbaric. The young man is handsome. They are both stereotypes. The princess, on the other hand, is developed more deeply. We know she loves the prince. We know she has inherited some of her father's semibarbaric qualities. We know she is jealous of the bride to be, if chosen.We do not, however, know which door she has chosen for her lover. Conflict – A person v. person co nflict exists between the king and his daughter and the king and the young man. An individual v. society conflict exists between the two young lovers and the rules of the kingdom. The central conflict in the story is an internal conflict within the princess as she struggles between watching her lover in the arms of another or watching her lover get devoured by a tiger. Resolution – The story has no resolution. It is up to the reader to determine whether or not the young man lives or dies.Theme – Stockton's short story comments on the confusing nature of love and the subjective notion of civilization and barbarity. There is also an element of Determinism vs. Free Will and whether or not, if left to their own desires, humans make the right decision. Suspense – Suspense is created through the use of foreshadowing, dangerous action, and pacing. Stockton foreshadows the coming unhappiness of the princess (although he doesn't provide a definitive answer to the specifi c choice that causes that unhappiness). The dangerous action is provided by the tiger.The ultimate creation of suspense is done by the story's pacing. It is so well done, in fact, I still don't know what the young man chose. Irony – The ironic structure of the story–it has no end, for example–highlights the irony present in the story: (1) the princess and not the criminal is the story's true loser; (2) the king, despite the outward appearance of sophistication is, at heart, a cruel semibarbarian; (3) the princess deliberates for days on whether or not to save her lover Point of View – Do not confuse the author with the narrator.The narrator is third person omniscient and knows the fate of the young man. The author does not. The Gift of Magi PLOT – Linear a) Introduction – The story starts with a description of the place where the major characters live, and then the major female character is introduced. Rising Action One dollar and eighty-sev en cents. And the next day would be Christmas. Climax Jim stepped inside the door, as immovable as a setter at the scent of quail. His eyes were fixed upon Della, and there was an expression in them that she could not read, and it terrified her.It was not anger, nor surprise, nor disapproval, nor horror, nor any of the sentiments that she had been prepared for. He simply stared at her fixedly with that peculiar expression on his face. Falling Action Instead of obeying, Jim tumbled down on the couch and put his hands under the back of his head and smiled. Denouement ;quot;Dell,;quot; said he, ;quot;let's put our Christmas presents away and keep 'em a while. They're too nice to use just at present. I sold the watch to get the money to buy Your combs.And now suppose you put the chops on. " CHARACTERS: The two main characters are both protagonists (There is no antagonist): Mr. and Mrs. James and Delia Dillingham Young. – DEVELOPING/ Round Minor character: Madame Sofronie â⠂¬â€œ STATIC/ Flat SETTING a. ) Place The action takes place in New York City in a very modest apartment and in a hair shop down the street from the apartment. Although Porter does not mention New York by name, he does refer to Coney Island, the city's most famous amusement park, located in the borough of Brooklyn. ime – At Christmas Eve, a long time ago c) weather condition- winter time social conditions – The couple was financially- struggling e) mood or atmosphere – †¦ Life is made up of sobs, sniffles, and smiles†¦ POINT OF VIEW Stream of Consciousness – The story is told so that the reader feels as if they are inside the head of one character and knows all their thoughts and reactions. LITERARY DEVICES Foreshadowing Now, there were two possessions of the James Dillingham Youngs in which they both took a mighty pride. One was Jim's gold watch that had been his father's and his grandfather's.The other was Della's hair. Symbol The magi, as you know, were wise men–wonderfully wise men-who brought gifts to the Babe in the manger. They invented the art of giving Christmas presents. Being wise, their gifts were no doubt wise ones, possibly bearing the privilege of exchange in case of duplication. THEME Love has no bounds. CONFLICT -The couple’s financial struggle Person vs. Circumstances (classical) – The couple struggles against poverty Person vs. Himself/Herself (psychological) –Delia struggles with the painful decision of letting go her only prized possession

Music, Folklore,and Nationalism (Music Appreciation) Essay

Music, Folklore,and Nationalism (Music Appreciation) - Essay Example Musical nationalism as a separate movement emerged in the mid-19th century. Most frequently the movement is linked to Russia, Czechoslovakia, Poland and Scandinavian countries, and it is represented in the works of Smetana, Dvorak, Grieg, Sibelius, Glinka and The Five, including Mussorgsky and Rimsky-Korsakov.(Harvard Dictionary of Music) For the most part, the movement coincided with political changes in Europe of that time and the birth of new nations. Sometimes, unfortunately, national pride instigated by folklore and music that carries a note of nationalism, led nations on the wrong path. Richard Wagner, one of the greatest German composers, used folklore and history in his work a lot. Among his many admirers was Adolf Hitler. â€Å"Richard Wagner was Hitlers favorite composer. During World War I, it is reported, he carried Wagners music from Tristan in his knapsack. Often Hitler had Wagners music performed at party rallies and functions.†(fcit.usf.edu) Hitler’s admiration with Wagner was strengthened with composer’s political views and anti-Semitic writings during his life. When it comes to pointing at what element of music describes the best particular cultures, I believe it is the combination of factors. Folk melodies when quoted in classical music pieces have a strong effect. Some cultures rely heavily on specific instruments to express the tradition. Rhythm and harmony are important too. However, I believe that people feel most national pride when listening to folklore music if the music is strong, heroic and grandeur. It is not a coincidence that most national anthems are written in a way that appeals to feelings of belonging and unity. It is not a surprise that Nazi Germany adopted Wagner and his heroic and deeply Teutonic music. Folklore is not limited by boundaries between countries and nations. It travels along with people when they migrate. In that regard, United States, are a great example of how folklore have transcended over thousands

Studying abroad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Studying abroad - Essay Example I believe that my decision to study abroad is one of my best decisions that I have taken in my life. There are many benefits of studying abroad, including earning more experience, having dependent responsibility, and changing my future. First of all, studying abroad has many positive effects on people; one of them is earning more experience in life. By studying abroad you may have an experience with how to deal with people and how to have more friends. For example, before I came to the United States, I did not have any friends who would not speak my language. But after I came to the United States, I started to meet with different people. After a few months, I had made many friends from the United States, Mexico, and from many Asian countries. Also, because of modern technology, I was able to communicate with them easily. In addition, you may know much information about many countries along with learning their languages. One day, one of my friends went to Canada to study English, and after a few months he came back to Kuwait. He said â€Å"of course I went to Canada to study English, but also I learned some French.† So, many people can know more than one new language, and can learn a lot about many countries. Not only does studying abroad give a person more experience, it also makes him independent. Another reason of studying abroad is having dependent responsibility. ... You need more experience and studying abroad may help you with that. For example, when my roommate was in Ohio, he met two people from Mexico. One of them was a good man but the other one was a bad man. So he decided to be a friend with the good man and he said to the other one, â€Å"I do not want to be your friend.† Studying abroad helped him to open his mind and decide what was better for him. Furthermore, more responsibilities in the house were another part of dependent responsibility. For example, in Kuwait I did not do anything in the house. My mother cooked the food for my family and me, and my father paid the bills for the house. But here in the United States, I have to pay my bills, cook my meals and clean my house and clothes by myself. Not only having dependent responsibility is an effect of studying abroad, it is also changing my future. Changing my future is one of the objectives of studying abroad. It affects my future in many ways. One of them is there are many opportunities to have a graduate scholarship for Master and P.H.D degrees. For example, my uncle went to the UK to continue his Master and P.H.D degree in engineering. One of the most important reasons that helped him to have a scholarship was that he had been a student in the United States for his bachelor degree. Furthermore, you may have a bigger chance to have a job because you are studying abroad. Also many private sections in Kuwait give the opportunity to the students who study abroad in comparison to many people who graduate from local schools. One day, two of my friends applied to the company to work there. One of them had graduated from the United Kingdom and the other one had graduated from Kuwait University. After a week, my friend who had graduated from the United Kingdom

Decision Making Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Decision Making - Research Paper Example The first stage of decision making according to Arkansas program is establishing a community within which the decision is to be made, this stage involves building and strengthening relationships between members of the community, norms and procedures that influence how problems are perceived and communicated within the group, this stage can take place before or during the time a problem is identified. The second stage is the perception phase where an individual recognises the fact that a problem needs to be solved. Interpretation is the third stage of decision making that involves explaining the specifics of the problem and identifying the issues that may have caused the problem. Judgement is the fourth stage that involves looking at other options that are available to respond to the problem and then choosing the option that will solve the problem satisfactorily (Baghbania et al, 53). Motivation involves analysing the issues that may make an individual choose a less effective solution and then prioritise the solutions based on the expected results. The next stage is implementing the best solution to the problem; the solution that is implemented should have the ability to avoid the hurdles that may arise in the implementation process. The seventh stage is reflection in action, this stage involves analysing the problem solving process and making appropriate adjustments to improve effectiveness of the solution selected. The final stage in the decision making process is reflection on action which involves determining whether the solution solved the problem adequately; this is done by examining the consequences and the expected outcomes of the solution. Example of decision-making An administrator in a hospital that admits patients in critical condition can be faced with a problem of getting one of the patients off a life support machine since he is unable to pay the bills or to continue letting him use the machine while his unpaid bills rise. In solving this problem, the administrator will be aware of the case by being informed by other medical practitioners who have direct contact with the patient. The second action that the administrator would take is ascertaining whether the patient is indeed unable to pay the cost of using the machine. The administrator would then try to find out why the patient is unable to pay the bill, whether it is due to genuine lack of money or negligence by his relatives or the financiers of the hospital bill. The administrator would then decide on the alternatives to take regarding the patient, which may include putting the patient off the life support machine or allowing him to continue using it although he cannot pay the bill. The administrator may decide to put the patient off the machine since there is a minimal chance of survival for the patient and his hospital bill is high which may be hard to recover. Before switching off the life support machine, the administrator will consider the issues may arise from his decision such as morality of the action, legal opinion on euthanasia among others and then prepare to handle them accordingly. The next

Solution for Discrimination in the University Term Paper

Solution for Discrimination in the University - Term Paper Example The issue of discrimination in the universities had earlier been noted in the University of Michigan where the Supreme Court upheld the right of affirmative action in the University’s Law School for their belief that race as a factor creates ‘’a compelling interest in obtaining the educational benefits that flow from a diverse student body’’ (quoted in Brunner). As a university which is open and friendly to all races, the New Horizon University would not like to be a victim of the Michigan University’s case. Therefore, there is a greater need to revise the affirmative action policy in order to avoid its attempts to promote discrimination by its current affirmative action. This paper is set to provide a solution to the problem of racial discrimination at the New Horizon University by revising its affirmative action policy. The result should be a University that promotes fairness, equality as it strives to achieve its goal of providing education for all without any fear or favor. It all begins when a student needs an admission to the University. There has been tendency or an iota of likelihood that the University’s admission system is the core source of discrimination in the University (Sarah 2011). ... They might also have been forced to choose courses that they may have not wished to study. The university therefore needs to make a change in its system of admission that will firstly abolish the quota system of admission. Candidates who apply to be admitted in this University should not be required to give their details of origin and race. However, their names and sex can be indicated in order to help identify their letters of offer as well as allocate them to bed a space, which is done according to sex. Possibly, the University should acquire an automated or digitized admission system. This is where candidates will automatically be admitted to the University provided they attain the minimum requirements for the University admission. This system will be open and free on the University’s website to all candidates who wish to apply. It will be in the form of a form that the candidate will be required to fill up, and once they are through and have qualified as per the requiremen ts, they will get straight admission to the University. This system will prove effective as it will alienate admission system from direct contact of the University staff. Once the students have been admitted, there will just be a physical confirmation of their details with the details they gave during application. This is where their qualification will be verified as well as their identity to avoid cases of impersonation or use of fake documents. In this case, the admission process shall have been made free from discrimination and corruption. If there is a certain limit of the number of students that the University would like to admit, the digital admission system shall be made in such a way

Evaluating Human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Evaluating Human resource management - Essay Example But quite often a distinction is drawn between the Human Resources Management (HRM) and the labour management concentrating on the industrial relations of the large enterprises. However in the context of globalization the pressures exerted on HRM and labour Management initiatives have really changed the nature and scope of these distinct functions. "Changes in IR practices (rather than in institutions and systems) such as increased collective bargaining at enterprise level, flexibility in relation to forms of employment as well as in relation to working time and job functions have occurred as a result of such factors as heightened competition, rapid changes in products and processes and the increasing importance of skills, quality and productivity." (S.R.de Silva) These factors also seem to have an impact on the policies and practices of the HRM. In this context this paper presents an overview on the problems of labour management to the extent it affects the growth and progress of an organization and the role of the HRM in providing effective solutions to the problems being encountered in the labour management. "Enterprises driven by market pressures need to include in their goals improved quality and productivity, greater flexibility, continuous innovation, and the ability to change to respond rapidly to market needs and demands" (S.R.de Silva). Such enhanced organizational goals increase the efforts and commitment of the HRM in realizing the management goals. For this purpose the HRM has to shift its focus to largely depend on individualism rather than collectivism that result in the alignment of the pay systems to the individual performance and skill sets. Thus realizing the improved organizational goals call for an effective change management, larger involvement of employees, increased commitment from the employee side, provision of more training, soliciting more employee participation to exhibit team work and cooperation which are all the important HR initiatives. At the same time all these can be viewed as potential industrial relations issues needing an effective labour management. With this increased responsibilities "The dominant position towards which HRM is moving points to a "change in power relations and highlights the supremacy of management. The management prerogative is rediscovered but in place of command and control the emphasis is on commitment and control as quality, flexibility and competence replaces quantity, task and dumb obedience. To put it another way: the managerial agenda is increasingly focused on innovation, quality and cost reduction. Human resource management makes more demands on employees, work is intensified .... there is less room for managerial slack and for indulgency patterns." (John Purcell) 3.0 Objectives of Labour Management and HRM: In order to have an appreciation of the ways in which HRM can provide solutions to the labour management issues, it is important to understand the basic objectives of the labour manage

Television and Language Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Television and Language Development - Essay Example The articles read for this assignment suggest the 18 month old to 24 month old children are the ones most affect. Generally by the age of three, partially due to communication with others than the caregiver, children can overcome the negative effects of television on language development. The effects of watching television for young children are detrimental to language development. Our earlier population survey of the effects of TV viewing on development of 18-month-old children in three areas of Japan indicated the same result; that children with heavy TV viewing (more than 4Â  h per day) may have delayed development of meaningful word speech (not speaking more than one word) even with parental talk while watching TV, and that children who watched TV alone for long hours had delayed development not only of speech but also of language comprehension, pointing behavior and fine motor ability. In logistic analysis, factors affecting delayed development of language were suggested to be childrens television viewing for long hours and male sex, parents not reading picture books to children, not singing songs to children, not talking to children while doing housework and not talking to children while viewing TV. (Okuma & Tanimura, 2009) Children that get used to watching long hours of television by themselves tend to have delayed development. The child gets used to being satisfied with the television. Without any encouragement to interact or speak correctly, children do not use their language skills. Other than not learning these language skills from a caregiver, the child does not practice language skills due to the lack of motivation. Children that watch long hours of television lack language skills due being resistant to interacting with others. This interaction is not just between a conversation of child and caregiver. These children want limited interaction with adults.

Strategy and Corporate Planning PowerGen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Strategy and Corporate Planning PowerGen - Essay Example The report starts with analyzing the effect of the organizational change on corporate planning. It is found that PowerGen reorganized itself three times between 1990 and 1998. The changes in the organizational structure had to be supported with effective corporate plans which specified the roles and responsibilities of each function. Initially, PowerGen had a centralized structure which underwent a complete transformation to a decentralized operation with unit managers at each business level being given wider responsibilities. The next section tries to analyze the core competencies and capabilities which have helped PowerGen to maintain its market share. It has been found that PowerGen’s focus was to supply electricity at a low cost. It formed an effective supply chain across various geographical locations and by partnering with various companies which helped it to produce electricity at low cost. This section also analyzes the core competencies and capabilities of two other major players in the industry which are EDF and E.ON. The last section deals with understanding the effect of privatization and deregulation and PowerGen’s merger with Midland electricity which was a major strategic move and helped PowerGen immensely to stay ahead of the competition. The report ends with an analysis of the centralized system of planning adopted by CEGB in the context of Hofstede’s article titled â€Å"Cultural constraints in management theories†. It shows the importance of cultural aspects while dealing with employees. The end product of electricity industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. The spiraling demand for energy is expected to rise considerably till 2030. The total value of the electricity market comprises of the total electricity sold to commercial, industrial, residential and other users. In 2007, the total value of the market increased by 14.5%.

The French Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

The French Revolution - Essay Example The position of women in England was however, somewhat different and this attitude also spilt over into the response to the French revolution. In England, the position of women during this period was still largely subordinate to the male sex; as a result, the writers who supported the French revolution were accused of aligning themselves with the perceived low morals of Frenchwomen who participated in the carnage. Marie Antoinette was executed in October 1793, and the allegations of lesbianism and incestuous attacks on her son also contributed to the general perception in England that French women were scandalous and that their conduct was not to be emulated under any circumstances. Marie Antoinette was viewed by the French working class as the Austrian hussy, who frittered away the money that the peasants paid in taxes and this unfavourable view was also shared by people in other parts of the world, such as England. In this aspect, both the poets Williams and Yearsley are similar in that both of them were viewed unfavourably in England, as writers who were in support of the French Revolution. Although Williams’s first hand view of the French Revolution was horror at the carnage, her works on the whole, demonstrated a support for the ideals and motivation of the common people, which led to the revolution.

Ideas of Ethnicity from the Concept of Nation Essay Example for Free

Ideas of Ethnicity from the Concept of Nation Essay In order to start this question, it is necessary to try to explain some of the phrases within it. Multi-culturalism, nation and civic are all concepts that intertwine in different ways. Ethnicity and civic ideas in the nation can exist together and one incorporates the other. Multiculturalism is the civic nation in so far as a nation is a modern, liberal concept but as a general rule, the states attempt to assimilate immigrants and national minorities into the culture of the dominant ethnie (multi-culturalism) have been met with little success. For example, the state has managed to establish a national system of education and compel most minorities and immigrants to put their children through its uniform schooling system but on the otherhand, modern nations are civic and ethnic which constitutes multi-culturalism. Modern nations are both civic and ethnic and therefore multi-cultural in theory however we shall see that multi-culturalism as a theory does not work to its full definition. The term,Multi-cultural for Kymlicka represents a broader way to encompass a wide range of non-ethnic social groups which have been excluded or marginalised from mainstream society. 1 For the purposes of this essay it means multi-clturalism which arises from national and ethnic difference. ENTER PG NO Another form of multi-culturalism is when different cultures insist that all citizens have the same relationship with the state which is a model that allows for a degree of diversity in terms of language and culture rather than seeking to assimilate different ethnic groups. (Wieviorka 1998. ) The theory of the national state has generally assumed a civic form of nationalism. The ideal of the sovereignty of the people has always had a clear vision of the nature and boundaries of the people who make up the citizens of the state. When one brings the idea of ethnicity into the debate, a conflict arises from the internal contradiction at the heart of the national state between a universal conception of citizenship with its uniform rights and a conception of the people and the ethnic basis where national minorities demand their own rights as members of a community that shares a history which marks themselves off from the dominant ethnie. Thus causing a difficulty in forming a multicultural nation. It is often assumed that ethnic communities in the nation breeds exclusiveness and intolerance to the concept of nation however there is no one to one relationship between ethnic nationalism and exclusiveness for some ethnic groups live peacefully alongside one another such as the Catalan and Czech movements. (Smith. )

The Recessions Effect On Consumer Behaviour Commerce Essay

The Recessions Effect On Consumer Behaviour Commerce Essay A recession is a negative decline in economic activity over a period of time. This is usually defined as a decline in Gross domestic product for two or more consecutive quarters. GDP is a measure of the countrys overall economic performance over a period of time. It is made up of consumption, investment, government spending, and exports minus imports. Consumer behaviour is the study that looks at all the reasons why people purchase products and where and when they purchase them. The credit crunch first started with the USA mortgage market and the collapse of the global housing bubble. Individuals were taking out mortgages that they could never afford to pay back. It all went wrong when the house prices in the USA started to fall. This in turn caused the value of securities connected to house prices to fall. The financial institutions all over the world were damaged. This put uncertainty regarding banks ability to pay its debts. The banks panicked and there was a rapid decline in credit availability. The investors confidence also declined and this had an impact on global stock markets. It was argued that investors did not accurately put a price on the risk involved with mortgage-related financial products. This causing the whole finance market to fail. The recession has caused banks to tighten credit availability. This has caused massive problems to secure credit for big ticket items such as cars and holidays. [1] The recession has had a major effect on many peoples consumer behaviour. There are many industries that have been hit by the recession. One important sector hit by the recession is the car industry and a knock on effect to companies that supply the car industry. Due to people finding it hard to secure finance they are unable to purchase new cars. So the sales of new cars have dramatically declined. An example of this is the Japanese car manufacturer Toyota. It has always been at the top of its game for many years. It has been producing exceptionally reliable cars and always at the cutting edge of technology. While in the recession the chief of Toyota Mr Katsuaki Watanabe produced the final annual figure which showed a loss of $4.4 billion. This was the companies first loss since 1950. This shows just how bad the car industry has been hit by the recession with many other firms in the industry achieving even bigger losses. [2] Another area that has been hit is the trade associated with the housing market. Due to problems with getting a mortgage people are unable to purchase new houses. So the development of new properties has fallen. Many house building companies such as Redrow and Barretts actually stopped building new houses on their sites when they realised they could not sell them. So all the labour associated were now unemployed. The Steel industry has also been hit hard. This is due to the car industry and house industry not needing the amount of steel they used to demand. With the recession affecting the whole economy the government has tired to use monetary policy to fix our situation. The government has tried to alter the supply of money by lowering the interest rate. But in doing this it has affected other sectors of the population. It will have a massive effect on people who rely on good returns from money they have invested. An example of this is the older population using their savings to give them an income to live on. At the moment the interest rate is at 0.5% compared to 4.5% in 2006. So the return they will receive on their investment has declined. The consequence of this is that their disposable income will fall causing them to purchase less. The government has also reduced Value added tax from 17.5% to 15%. This is a monetary policy that aims to increase the purchasing of consumers in the economy. The recession has also caused the exchange rate to fall against the pound. This means that the price of imports increase and price of exports de crease. This in turn has caused the import of raw materials for manufacturing to increase for many businesses. Due to the fact that the UK does not produce a lot of goods we rely heavily on imports. These now cost more than what they did before. This means that the consumer is getting less value for their money. The recession has had varied effects on different demographics within the economy. How people are affected depends on age, gender, occupation and location. The highest unemployed age appears to be the 18-24 category. This may be due to their lack of experience. A company would prefer to employ people who are skilled in doing their job. The older workers (45-64) will find it harder to obtain a new job if they are made unemployed. The current unemployment rate is at 7.8%. During a recession unemployment is a serious factor that affects consumers behaviour. Even if the individual consumer is not facing unemployment themselves they will still be affected psychologically. This is because other people around them such as family and friends may be affected. It will give them a thought that it may actually happen to them soon. It will affect their consumer confidence. With people having less consumer confidence they are more likely to save money rather than spend. So this makes the recession worse because it will reduce GDP more if consumers are not spending. Consumer behaviour is related to consumer motivation. Motivation is a basic concept in human behaviour. There is believed to be tension that arises as a result of unfulfilled needs that we have. The needs that are unfilled will move a consumer away from homeostasis balance. The Homeostasis See-Saw shows that a consumer needs a balance between Need satisfaction and Deprivation. The balance between these two is believed to be the homeostasis state. There are four drives that take us away from this equilibrium. Biogenic drives are such things as hunger and thirst that we automatically think we need. Psychogenic drives which drive us to achieve a certain status. These will depend on social and cultural environment that a person is used to. Cognitive motives are those that stimulate people to adapt to the environment and achieve a sense of meaning in society. Affective motives are associated with the need of obtaining emotional goals and the ability to achieve a satisfying feeling state. In a recession all these motives would be affected. Peoples purchasing pattern and ability to purchase certain products would follow a different pattern. In a recession when times are hard it could be potentially difficult to reach the homeostasis balance.[3] An impact the recession can have on consumer behaviour is the Lipstick Effect. When times are hard within an economy a consumer will stop spending money on big ticket items such as Expensive holidays or a new car. In order to achieve the feeling shopping brings consumers simply trade down to cheaper items to make them feel happy and content. The recent sales figures from cosmetic companies such as LOrà ©al and Revlon show that the lipstick effect is in operation within our economy at the moment. LOrà ©al showed sales growth of 5.3% in the first part of the year when the recession started. It shows that when consumers budgets are tightened that people just substitute larger luxury goods such as a new fur coat for small luxuries such as expensive makeup. [4] Some consumers in the recession are choosing to drop a brand level in their weekly shop. This means that rather than purchasing the brand products such as Heinz and Kelloggs they are choosing to purchase supermarkets own brands or no frills brands. It is said to save on average 33% on your weekly shop by dropping one brand level.[10] Brand loyalty has less effect in a recession due to consumers not being able to afford to be loyal if there is a cheaper close substitute. While in a recession there are many consumer behaviour trends that start to emerge. One example of this is Sellsuming. This is a trend where Consumers are very creative in selling products or services that they have to offer. With need to generate extra income consumers become inclined to sell things they dont need or want anymore. An example of this is the use of eBay the online auction site to sell unwanted products. Some consumers may even go as far as renting out parking spaces. Another trend is the Increase of  online services and social media usage. With the unemployment rate increasing and jobs not being very secure, people spend more time looking for job advertisements on the internet. Consumers are also being sensible when they are shopping. The consumer is continuously looking for very good deals both online and offline. Consumers are looking for the best price and the best value available to them. Internet shopping has become the best channel for a consumer to achieve this with price comparison websites such as kelkoo.com and comparethemarket.com. Kelkoo is a shopping portal that compares many retailers and shows the best place to purchase a product depending on the cheapest prices found. Another trend in a recession is skills enhancement and  training. When people feel unsure about the future they believe that increasing their knowledge and skills is a good way to keep in them employable. The younger generation are also not entering the jobs market and choosing to increase their prospects for the future. Examples of this are the figures that show almost an 8% increase in applications for full-time study at universities in 2009. This is the biggest growth in eight years. The recession and rising unemployment have been blamed for this substantial increase.[6] While the economy has been in recession there has been an increase in the number of people searching dating agencies. According to the New York Times Online and offline matchmakers are reporting that dating interest is up, way up. Match.com, for instance, had its strongest fourth quarter in the last seven years. There may be a few reasons for this increase. People may now have more time on their hands due to being unemployed. Also meeting a potential partner on the internet is easier and more affordable than socialising in other ways such as going to the pub. A major trend of consumer behaviour in a recession is Escapism. Consumers are said to be spending money on products and services in order to distract themselves from the economic hardship. The entertainment industry should in theory be experiencing an increase in attendance. This would be such services as bowling and cinema. The figures show that in 2009 cinemas are up 13% year on year. Fast Furious tore up the record for the most lucrative opening weekend for a movie released in April 2009.[7] But this can also be seen in related companies such as the American-based chain of DVD and video game rental company Blockbuster. Their sales have increased over the recession with people choosing to rent. This may be due to the reduction in layout cost of actually purchasing the DVD yourself. It could also be another form of entertainment for people. Another business that is doing very well in the recession due to a change of customers behaviour is Dominos pizza. They are benefiting from con sumers trading down on their choice. A consumer who would have usually gone out for a meal now stays in and purchases a dominos pizza. [8] Consumers in recession also tend to talk more about their purchases and experiences. The OTO Research confirms 54% of consumers say that their primary source of information when choosing a brand is the Consumer Generated Content about the product and brand experience. Due to people being careful with their money they want to make a good purchase that will satisfy their needs. In a recession people will be more likely to tell their family and friends about good deals. This is compared to in a boom consumers tend to boast how expensive a product they purchased was. Consumers are also taking out more insurance policies during the recession. It appears that the desire to protect property becomes a high priority in a recession. This may be due to the fact that people are worried about replacement or repair costs if something does go wrong.[9] People are more likely to repair items if they break when the economies in recession. Such businesses as cobblers are seeing more and more people bringing in worn shoes. Before the recession consumers would of thrown them in the bin and purchased a new pair [12]. In order to try and reduce the effects of the recession the government introduced a scrappage scheme. It aims to increase the purchase of new cars. The consumer is offered a  £2000 incentive if they have a car that is over 10 years old and are willing to scrap it. The government has also tried to increase the money in the economy by offering lower vat of 15%. This is not really much of an incentive unless you are purchasing big ticket items. They have also dropped interest rates down to 0.5%. This provides people with mortgages lower repayments. This gives them more disposable income which they could potentially spend in the economy. In the recession not all companies are being affected. Some companies are actually doing better than they did before. Examples of people doing well in the recession are supermarkets, Amazon, dominos, cinemas, pawnbrokers. The best strategy to follow in a recession is cost leadership. By keeping your costs to a minimum you can maximise profit and be competitive. The best way to get consumers to purchase your products is by giving them an irrefutable offer. During a recession companies should try to increase positive motivation in a consumer. You can do this with a good use of advertising. If a consumer has increased positive motivation they are more likely to want to purchase your products. Overall it is important to realise that consumer behaviour and the recession are linked and have an effect on each other. But the effects will depend on the industry, products and the people it involves. Businesses need to be proactive in a recession in order to be successful. They must be able to change their strategy quickly and efficiently. 1 His journal 2 Ian Rowley (May 8th, 2009) Toyotas Loss Is Worse Than Expected, Available at http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/may2009/gb2009058_991777.htm , [Accessed 16th December 2009]. 3 book- SEE SAW 4 Larry Elliot (December 22nd 2008) Into the red: lipstick effect reveals the true face of the recession,http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2008/dec/22/recession-cosmetics-lipstick , [Accessed 16th December 2009]. 5 Yulia V Smirnova (June 16th 2009) Top 10 Emerging Consumer Behavior Trends in Recession, http://www.memesponge.com/2009/06/top-10-emerging-consumer-behavior-trends-in-recession/, [Accessed 21st December 2009]. 6 Nicola Woolcock (February 16th 2009) University applications rise by 8% as recession bites,http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/education/article5741496.ece, [Accessed 21st December 2009]. 7 Alain Portmann (April 16th 2009) Consumer Behavior During the Recession, http://webliquidgroup.com/knowledge/consumer-behaviour-during-the-recession-four-key-consumer-trends/, [Accessed 29th December 2009]. 8 Chris Moore (17 February 2009) Recession hots it up for Dominos Pizza, http://www.thisismoney.co.uk/markets/article.html?in_article_id=476450HYPERLINK http://www.thisismoney.co.uk/markets/article.html?in_article_id=476450in_page_id=3HYPERLINK http://www.thisismoney.co.uk/markets/article.html?in_article_id=476450in_page_id=3in_page_id=3, [Accessed 29th December 2009]. 9 Nick Elliman (September 1 2009) Consumer behaviour in the recession, http://www.allbusiness.com/marketing-advertising/marketing-advertising-measures/13183075-1.html, [Accessed 29th December 2009]. 10 Martin Lewis (January 2 2010) Supermarket Shopping Downshift more, halve weekly bills, http://www.moneysavingexpert.com/shopping/cheap-supermarket-shopping, [Accessed 2nd January 2010]. 11 CBI (June 2009) Employment trends 2009 Work patterns in the recession,http://www.cbi.org.uk/ndbs/press.nsf/38e2a44440c22db6802567300067301b/56ebefb25149a68b802575da00308471/$FILE/CBI%20-%20Harvey%20Nash.%20Work%20Patterns%20in%20the%20Recession.%20June%202009.pdf, [Accessed 2nd January 2010]. 12 Sunday Times (November 23, 2008) Riding the recession: how some businesses are doing well in the downturn, http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/article5213280.ece, [Accessed 2nd January 2010]. 13 Charlie Makin (December 23, 2009) 10 key pointers of consumer behaviour in a recession revealed http://www.themarketingblog.co.uk/e_article001261803.cfm?x=b11,0,w , [Accessed 2nd January 2010]. 14 Philip Atkinson (2009) Customers Consumer Behaviour in 2009 http://www.philipatkinson.com/change-customer-consumer-behaviour-millennial.htm, [Accessed 2nd January 2010]. 15 16

Women In 20th Century Europe

Women In 20th Century Europe Women are the blessings; they are a gift from God because they play a vital role in every part of our life. From being infant till maturity an individual just need his mother to feed him, to control him, to motivate him, to love and to encourage him. (Young, 2010) Those unfortunate who had lost their mother during childhood can better understand the importance of women. Women are able to serve men in every form that is a mother care for her child since birth, then a sister assists her brother in solving his problems, a wife supports her husband in order to make him successful and finally a daughter holds her fathers hand in order to share burden and difficulties. Role of women can never be forgotten. They are an essential element since years and are struggling a lot for their family, their children and for their state. Before fifteenth century women were not given such regards, respect and honor as in today; but after eighteenth century women took the challenge to prove them as material by serving the world during World Wars (Pepek, 2000). After the advents of French Revolution, there were crises everywhere that is, economic crises, people were not able to meet up their needs because of rise in bread prices, then financial crises because of France being bankrupt, social crises, etc. Both women and children were treated in a ruthless manner, they were threatened, coerced and thousands of women and children got dead. Due to which people start to migrate from Europe to other parts of the world (Stoff, 2008). People before eighteenth century were not very much educated, they were illiterate who dont know the difference between right and wrong, they were strong so they had ruled over women. Due to poor level of education, women were unaware of their basic rights so they follow the rules of their society that is they did the same as their mothers and sisters did in past. They consider them as inferior and men as dominant authority (Helms, 1997). In Europe women were not allowed to enter in any reputable position, they were not a part of business world; they were not allowed to move beyond the four walls of house. Women were interested to serve their nation, so they themselves hold authority and led out certain movements for independence (Tudor, 2000). Actually after French Revolution, several wars and events were conducted that is First World War and Second World War, Napoleon Era, Colonial period, Civil Pact, Russian Revolution, European Union, Cold War, etc. In all such events women played a vital role; proved themselves as materialistic, they hold guns, they serve as nurses, they led out movements for independence, they did food strikes, etc. Finally in twentieth century women entered in business world; they enhanced their level of education, their market experience and took steps to further diverse their powers. After European Union, women quickly gained independence, they move out from their houses to work along with men. They gained voting rights and their presence was then confirmed by government. Explanation: Women have worked so long that it cannot be restricted to introduction only and if the topic is on European women then one can discuss up to years and years because history has discussed a lot about their efforts. Women always had an influential and powerful role in the prosperity, affluence and growth of any group of people (Radek, 2006). These roles have varied depending on the time period, geography and race of the people. As explained above that before eighteenth century European women performed as a care taker, as a nurse or as a mother, but women of twentieth century was a ruler, a warrior, professionals or a teacher. Speaking about women of Europe then they are renowned for their hard work, bravery and valor. Besides being servants or the one who had faced a lot of restrictions they were still had a lot of passion and spirit to prove them. Later women became an agent to satisfy needs of people, to resolve their problems and to improve life conditions of women in European Union (Helms, 1997). During the times of war, European families suffered from financial crises, in that era, they were under privileged to hold servants so women worked like slaves, that is, besides holding household duties they worked a lot for freedom movements (Pepek, 2000). Usually their day begin with starting the fire, then milking the cows, and creating cream and butter, that what the life style of poor European women then they spent the bulk of her morning preparing food for the day and bread for the dinner. Their afternoons were every now and then taken up by functioning in the garden, restoration, or taking grain to the miller (Young, 2010). Besides being a daily house wife, her point in time also was seasonal, as she had to elevate the farm animals, make sausage, maintain bacon, and comprehensive the sewing of clothes. The workload obviously didnt get easier for the women. They also had to take care of their own children as well (Stoff, 2008). There role was even harsh then that of men, they were only responsible for earnings but European women has to hold those earnings to adjust their life in accordance with the desired money. At the commencement or inception of the twentieth century, the thoughts or ideas of nineteenth century on the subject of the separate, and incontrovertibly paradoxical, natures of men and women, which had been further exaggerated by the industrial revolution in defining computerized manual labor as the province or territory of men and the domestic responsibilities as the ordinary or natural domain of women, men and womens relationships to and with each other in addition to society change (Helms, 1997). It was because they have realized the importance of women and the power they have, so a natural thought appear that the one who supports in crises can support throughout life. In addition to that women had also decided to never restrict them inside the boundaries of house and to work along with men (Radek, 2006). Government of Europe then launched Equal Employment Opportunities Plan with regard to access to employment, professional training and career development. It was then suggested to have equal votes of women in decision making, women workforce to gain maximum authority and participation of women in science research was made compulsory. Speaking in terms of historical period of wars then European women played a vital role by supporting factories that is they went to work instead of men as all men were drafted into European armies. Women were the only soul to fill the economic and social needs that was performed by men preceding the war (Young, 2010). Due to the severity of World War I not only women but children suffered as well, they shed their blood, they strive from hunger but never divert or change their faith. Some of the courageous women had decided to move along the battle field in order to serve their armies, so a group of Aristocratic nurses and Austro-Hungarian POW Relief went to assist them but there they become dishearten because they did not enjoy the positive response from the armies (Rubio, 2011). These women were not in supplementary medical positions assistant to male workforce, but rather they were in positions of authority and power assigned with the task of reporting on the conditions of the POWs within the camps and ensuring their loyalty to the Austro-Hungarian government. It was reported that during war times, men often found it complex to accept women as a care taker who were working outside their houses (Helms, 1997). Besides this women fought for their personality as an individual because German Nazi and Italian Fascist which were led by Great Adolf Hitler and Mussolini respectively had clearly addressed that role of women is only to produce more children, but Modern Feminist Movement which was led by Wollstonecraft stood along with women to bring Industrial Revolution. Women entered the workforce in huge numbers and a majority stayed in the workforce after the war (Tudor, 2000). At the very initiation women faced difficulties; there were small number of women units. Some extremists were against their work so they brutally attacked those who work in factories, women rapes; killing and kidnapping were common in that period. Soon after observing the terrorism against women, provincial government set up voting privileges for women in order to enclose that from now onwards women will have complete rights to vote along with a small number of social rights (Stoff, 2008). It was then included in Code of Communism that there will be no difference between men and women; they both carry equal rights and both can work together according to their level of talents. European women also hand round as soldiers during the Russian Revolution and later World War II. After the rebellion, women hold rights to have equal opportunities in terms of education (Young, 2010). They become allowed to go to institution of higher education and to work in all fields of employment. The state opened the doors for medical care, education, and day-care for all women. By gaining a diversified level of knowledge role of women in French society had reached at its peak. They represent themselves as a strong player in every field. Due to having enough education they mold themselves as an independent body that have their own identity and served Europe as being professionals (Radek, 2006). Throughout the century, upper class women inaugurated salons which are considered as most heavy work for inexperienced one and though they were inexperienced and less motivated to speak or debate but they had fulfilled their responsibilities by inviting intellectuals, scholars and philosophers to share their experience and to define the necessary ways to lead a successful life. Besides economic stability they cultivate social connections between those philosophers and the community of Europe. Also, they inaugurated various institutions to provide guiding principles for those women who want to be a part of prosperity (Helms, 1997). European women who belong to lower or middle class did not lag behind in terms of their responsibility as already discussed that women began exercising their powers during the era of revolution by storming Bastille. They hold guns and shells; participated in bread strikes as they remained hungry for weeks and weeks, they assist in invading the palace of Versailles, arresting the Royal family and forming high-ranking political organizations. Although they were women of twentieth century but due to their extra ordinary efforts, women of today are worthy. They were not very educated or some are completely illiterate but their role was incredibly modern (Tudor, 2000). It was reported in past that after the murder of Jean-Paul Marat, who was a scientist, a physician and a renowned character of European Revolution, by Charlotte Corday, another renowned figure from French Revolution, women felt broken and it seemed like that there democratic movement will would not precede. Above mentioned women that is, Marat, Corday, Catherina Sforza, Isabella I along with Jacobin Terror were key figures who support women in every step but due to the heights of unfortunate both women were charged for engaging themselves in the political circles by supporting German Nazi in the reestablishment of France and for this act they were punished. Due to this people lost their belief and trust from them and thus they failed to revive their position again. They try to regain competitiveness by joining allied forces or by introducing the sense of modern Europe but got defeated (Stoff, 2008). Earlier, France was the intellectual capital of Europe but when it got defeated by Germany, there were threats that due to France being a central figure, threat of war will always be there, so idea of continents having their own capital was doomed to disaster. Till that era, women were dominant enough to contribute their role through industrial revolution and some of them had put their steps in business world. Some women joined government and political offices so as to work for European Union (Tudor, 2000). The concept of Feminism was then discouraged as it has only promoted the rights for women whereas concept of communism was promoted as it has allowed all people of all classes to have equal rights. Women were continuously climbing the stairs of success which was unacceptable for men to digest at any cost. It was difficult for them to work under women and to observe them holding authority or dominant position in any organization. The gender disturbance between men and women soon transformed into hostility and aggressiveness which then hold war between men and women in every field (Radek, 2006). It has been observed that men often avoid females; sometimes insulting or dishonoring them in front of seniors or juniors, there were lack of support and guidance but women then also fought and raised the flag of success through their skills, abilities and talent. European women enjoyed a suitable position in Soviet Union and contributed there by educating young girls, they raised the minimum age of marriage because before eighteenth century childhood marriages were common (Radek, 2006). It was the women of twentieth century who contributed a sense of career and growth. They presented a prosperous role in times of Ottoman Empire as well by amalgamating the western style with that of east. In the later twentieth century laws were bring to an end that has limited the roles of women and women of Turkey then gained the right to vote (Vinciguerra, 2012). Conclusion: The prosperous phase that Europe is now facing with is because of the women of twentieth century. They were the one who were responsible for generating peace, prosperity and success in Europe; they were diligent, honest, industrious, well planned, brave and trustable because besides controlling their house as a house wife they assisted their men in earnings. They always hold their husbands at the time of crises like they run out to work in factories at the time of war in order to bear their expenses, to maintain the economy of state and to avoid financial crises. As far as thesis statement is concerned then European women had groomed a lot in twentieth century. They worked along with men from shoulder to shoulder, although there aim was to assist men but doing so their objective becomes vast and now they are holding such a dominant position in every sector, whether it is business, finance, politics, government, law, medicine etc. So, by observing such a tremendous growth women should be given equal rights as that of men as they are the one behind the success of men. European women suffered a lot but never got that prestige that they really belong. So, in order to give them a pride of honor for their efforts, one can salute them with equal rights, protection and security. It is because of European women that women all over the world are now building or developing their career and ate struggling to run accordingly with success.

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee :: essays research papers

Atticus Finch is a man who fought for what he believed in. He stood up for what he thought was right not what the rest of the town thought. Atticus was real brave for defending Tom Robinson in court, he knew a lot of people would get mad and try to hurt him, but Atticus stood up for what he believed in. Atticus had a lot of courage he was the only man in town that would fight for Tom Robinson, because he knew it was wrong to accuse him of something he did not do. I think Atticus knew that Tom Robinson did not have a great chance of wining the case, but he tried to do the best that he could to prove that Tom Robinson was innocent. I think that Atticus is in some way the town’s spokesmen, there is a lot of people in town that have the same views on racism as Atticus but, they were scared to admit it. The town knows that Atticus is right but no one wants to agree with him because they are scared for there own selves, that’s why I think Atticus is very courageous he is not scared in admitting that he is not a racist, and that he will try to prove that Tom Robinson is innocent. Atticus believed that everyone is equal. He believed that all races should be treated the same no matter what. I think that Atticus was real frustrated with the town’s racial beliefs. Atticus was a great man because, he could decide what was wrong and what’s right, something that the rest of the town had trouble doing. Atticus had convinced the jury that Tom Robinson was innocent, that’s why it took them so long to make there decision, but in the end there was no way that the jury was going to believe a black man over a white man. I think what Miss Maudie said was very correct â€Å" well, we’re making a step-it’s just a baby step, but it’s a step†,(216) that’s what she said after the trial, what she means is that the town will not start to except blacks overnight, but slowly the town is starting to understand that being black does not make you a bad person. The town new that the Ewell’s were a bunch of liars, but they couldn’t chose a black man over a whit man, so Miss Maudie is saying someday they will. â€Å"Shoot all the bluejays you want, if you can hit ‘em but remember it’s a sin to kill a

Dr. Seuss The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins Essay -- Dr. Seuss The

Narrative Style and Structure of Dr. Seuss'The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins, told in folktale style, was written by Dr. Seuss in 1938. According to Charity Belle Mays, â€Å"Folktales deal with adventures both plausible and implausible wrapped in the forms of human or animal abilities. They are the simple tales that have truly evil people or animals, and truly good people or animals, and the good always wins out in the end in these stories, giving way to the child's version of fairness.† This story recounts young Bartholomew Cubbin’s misadventures while going to market in town. Bartholomew, a paragon of politeness and obedience, unwittingly finds trouble when he is unable to keep a hat off his head and offends King Derwin. The folktale begins with introductions to Bartholomew and King Derwin, the potential â€Å"hero† and â€Å"villain.† The first several pages emphasize the great contrasts between their lives; Bartholomew is poor and feels insignificant versus the King’s wealth and mighty self-image. With such opposite lifestyles, Seuss must create a...

Analysis of the short story Essay

`This essay will discuss certain reaction to the story ‘Examination day’, as well as reviewing the lifestyle and world Dickie lives in. The Jordan family are not rich but they are part of the working class society. The accommodation is quite small, they’re ‘little apartment’ is described in line 21: ‘The boy †¦ wandered to that part of the living room which had been ‘his’ from infancy. ’ This shows that things have not changed in terms of housing since he was young and probably their wealth has not increased as much as they would have liked. In the ‘little apartment’ Mrs Jordan mentioned ‘the Exam’ which was why the tension was quite high in the room. ‘The Exam’ is the ‘Government intelligence test they give to children at the age of twelve. ’ This examination was to make sure that there is no-one clever enough to overrule the current government. This test shows an example of what a dictator ruled government is like. This government is a totalitarian government in terms of not wanting to lose power or authority of any sort. These citizens are stuck in an unwanted dictatorship. The examination room was just as restricted as the lives they lead. The room was very dim which represents amount of information they know about the world and their current government. Also in Dickie’s eyes the room doesn’t look very inviting or welcoming even if it was an examination room. Although Dickie could not really see the ‘gray-tunicked attendant’ he knew that this was a very serious matter. The dimness of the room also shows the secretiveness of the government and how much they want their citizens to know. On the day of Dickie’s examination his parents’ were very anxious to see whether or not their son was allowed to come home or not; there were ‘†¦ not speaking, not even speculating. ’ They were so apprehensive that when the phone rang they both tried to reach for it. This shows that they had a feeling that things were not going to work out perfectly for them. When Mr Jordan answered the phone to the ‘Government Educational Service’ he was told that his son’s ‘†¦intelligence quotient has exceeded the Government regulation. ’ This information was a shock to Mr Jordan that even his wife had read the expression of disappointment on his face. The government had announced that Dickie was going to die because he had breached the ‘intelligence quotient’. This shows that the government are too scared to let the clever people live their own lives or even work for them at their young age. This shows that the dictator is not as strong as he portrays himself to be. This shows that he is insecure and that if anyone clever was around he would probably crumble from having lack of authority. I think that the Jordan family live in a completely totalitarian world where they have no freedom to do what they like when they feel like it; unless they are in their own home. Their dictator is too worried about anyone overruling him; he feels the need to get rid all of the clever citizens to be secure in his position. This shows that this dictator is too unsecure to be head of the government. He needs to step aside and let someone else do the job properly.

Odysseus as an Epic Hero Essay

What is an large star? Homers Odyssey is about an epic admirer named Odysseus and his quest office. The Odyssey begins after the trojan war had left Odysseus trap, pointlessly sail course of studying for 10 years after angering Poseidon, the deity of the sea. He tries desperately to return home to Ithaka and his wife, Penelope, and newborn son, Telemachus. Odysseus past has many hardships upon which he covers through his give-and-take and sense of humour. Odysseus is an epic grinder because he is intelligent, he listens to the gods advice, and he is witty able to teleph star on his feet.With the assist of the gods he bear survive things most hands couldnt. First, nearing the demise of the Epic, Odysseus continues to use his experience to overcome obstacles and hardships. Upon nonpareil attempt to return home, Odysseus must quip the island of the Sirens. He has his men plug their ears with beeswax but not before he tells them his place in the plan posit me and bin d me to the crosspiece half expressive style up the mast bind me as I stand upright, with a bond so fast that I atomic number 50not possibly find out away, and lash the ropes ends to the mast itself. If I beg and pray you to set me free, then bind me more tightly still. dismantle though Odysseus gives into the weakness of the sirens song, he is otiose to escape from the bonds of the rope and his previous intelligence saves him. one time he arrives in Ithaca, Odysseus erst again uses his intelligence to overcome his suitors and rejuvenate his estate. When he firstborn encounters the people of his land, he wisely chooses to remain anonymous, avoiding an unplanned dispute or fight. Odysseus then reveals himself to his son and a couple of(prenominal) servants to plan an fire on the suitors. At a contest to see if anyone can string Odysseuss bow, the hero plans his attack after stringing the bow and firing on the suitors.His son and servants have the other implements of war a nd they massacre the entire group of suitors. This was one of Odysseuss final acts of brilliance to come together the epic. Furthermore, there are many subjects end-to-end the epic where Odysseus takes the advice of the gods to overcome the obstacles he is approach with. One of the first events is when Odysseus encounters Aeolus, the god of winds. many men would not trust this god and not accept his secret floor of wind, believing it would be a wickedness of some sort. But, Odysseus accepts Aeolus bag of winds and treats him with hospitality.Another instance where Odysseus accepts the gods guidance is when the hero listens to Hermes on how to overcome Circe But Hermes met me, with his golden wand, barring the way-a boy whose lip was downy in the first bloom of mankind, so he seemed. He took my hand and spoke as though he knew me. By Hermes insight, Odysseus eats the nutriment that is given to him and patiently waits for the right cadence to strike. Odysseus subdues Circe a nd forces her to free his men from the bondage of swine. after living in luxury with Circe for a year, he listens to her advice on how to return to his country of origin of Ithaca.Finally, one of the first obstacles Odysseus conquers is the defeat of the Cyclops. Once trapped in the cave of the one-eyed monster, Odysseus must devise a plan and fast, the giant had taken to consuming his men. This is where Odysseus wit comes into play. Cunningly, Odysseus gets the Cyclops drunk and allows him to fall into slumber. He then blinds the Cyclops with a sulfurous spear, knowing intelligently enough that if he kills the Cyclops they will be trapped forever. Searching for help, the giant opens the cave. Earlier, Odysseus says My name is zilch mother, father, and friends, everybody calls me Nobody.When the blinded giant is seeking help from his brothers, he proclaims that, Nobody blinded him. Therefore, Odysseus and his men escape with their lives by the means of this heros wit.? In conclus ion, through this intelligence and wit with advice from the gods, Odysseus overcomes all of his obstacles against all odds. cosmos a true hero, the Achaeans look up to Odysseus as a role sample with his intelligence, wit, and godly insight. It is because of these three traits that Odysseus is considered an epic hero and is never to be forgotten.

The Balek Scales: a Measurement of Injustice

The allegory The Balek Scales by Hein adequate Bll tells the get it on of the narrators grandfather in the colonization upon which the Balek family had a firm grip. The Balek family, later known as Balek von Biligan, is part of the elite tier, as the followers inverted comma describes the family who lived in the chateau and drove 2 carriages, who always maintain whizz boy from the village while he studied theology at the seminary in Prague (Bll 15-16).There atomic number 18 a lot more details, but ef straw manery the following quotation, they can be check outn as a prominent family from the elite class (Bll 16). The scalesknown as the Balek scales in the reportare the Baleks tool for employment mushrooms, herbs, and other tradable goods for moneymarks and pfennigs. No one ever questions their sole possession of the scales.However, the narrators grandfather, Franz Brcher, disc everywheres shabbiness within the measurement of the Balek scales. in cartridge clip with t his evidence, the efforts of villagers to seek jurist are thwarted by the power and influence of the Balek von Biligan family, which Bll portrays as a classic struggle mingled with the working and elite classes in The Balek Scales.Injustice is the recurring theme in the theme as the Balek scalesthe scales of justice for the villagers privilege the Balek von Biligan clan, as the story suggests in the following lines he pulled the tailfin pebbles from his pocket, held them out to the young woman, and said, This much, fifty-five grams, is short in every pound of your justice (Bll 16).As the line states, the sleaziness that the narrators grandfather claims in front of Frau Balek von Biligan is the unequal or unfair measurement that the scales resign for their foraged goodsmushrooms, herbs, and the like. Inevitably, the injustice results in a short c everywhere revolt with the Reeves gendarmes overpowering the population.Then everything goes suffer to normal, with the Balek von B iligan clan still on the driver stoolin control. The power of the Baleks is too strong for Franz Brchers, whose search for justice is seen as a superfluous attempt to overthrow the seemingly unfair command of the Baleks over the village.Looking at it from a different angle, the village, along with the other two villages, could eat avoided the short blinking(a) revolt if Franz Brcher remained unaware to the injustice that the Balek scales re stageed.Upon confronting this injustice, Franz experiences several(prenominal) tragic events, as stated in the following lines the reeves gendarmes arrivedshooting and stabbing as they came and removed the scales and the book by force. My grandfathers little sister lost her life, (Bll 16-17) and My grandfathers parents had to leave the village, and the new grave of their little girlfriend (Bll 17).Franz Brcher experiences two tragic moments in his life sentence which were caused by the Balek scales. These were his little sisters stoppin g point and their familys constant migration. This could have been avoided by Franz if he remained ignorant to the injustice mentioned.A classic involvement between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat classes unfolds in the story of The Balek Scale. Relating the story to the social divisions of society, it is a factalways has beenthat the profuse have control over those who are non because of the wealth they possess and their strong influence over the government at least a passel of it is attracted to the wealthy of prominent families like the Baleks in the story.The scales of the story represent the injustice in the societythey favor the rich over the poor most of the magazine anyway. The scales may actually represent the justice trunk in society as they can some quantify be distorted in favor of those with money. The story represents this illness that is quite evident in sometime(prenominal) societies, as well as in nowadayss society. Regardless of how strong is the resolve of the acting hero or deliverer of justice, his efforts are commonly just futile.Thus, the story entails a classic battle between the rich and the poor. This battle is always intensify by a mere claim for an injustice brought approximately by the rich, supposedly, which affects the poor many times over. As the following quotation suggests, the injustice that Franz Brcher and his family experience in the village is actually present in every place they went to but did not stay long anywhere because it pained them to see how everywhere the finger of justice swung falsely (Bll 17).This understandably shows how injustice is present everywhere and how gr bury is its exercise on those who are least fortunatethe poor. It go away surely take a long time to cure this illness of society because those who know about this injustice remain oblivious to its presence in society they are just watching it eat away the true concept of justice.The last two lines in the story are probably the mos t striking as the Brcher family and many others picture the gravity of injustice in society And those who precious to listen can hear the tale of the Baleks von Biligan, whose justice lacked a tenth part. But on that point were a couple of(prenominal) who listened (Bll 17). In this line, those who receive the painful end of the fishgig of injustice find it futile to express to the pitiful they are feeling caused by the injustice. It is futile because rarely do people listen to their woes and cries for justice.Hardly anyone listens to them because of their place in society as the poor working classduring that time, the poor do not seem to have a strong voice in society. The rich and powerful simply have control over most of them. Any revolt or originate seems to be thwarted most of the time however, there are times when a revolt becomes successful.Heinrich Blls stor,y The Balek Scales, entails a seemingly unending battle between the rich and the poor as the last mentioned wou ld usually rise against the injustices that the former inflicts upon them and the society. However, it seems that the rich are too powerful and influential to be folded easily. It system uncertain for the tide of this epic battle to permute as many still remain oblivious to the injustices that occur within society.Work CitedBll, Heinrich. The Balek Scales. A Walk in my World International Short Stories about Youth. Eds. Anne Mazer. unsanded York Persea Books, 2000. 917.

Bad Drivers Are Everywhere

art accidents argon as popular as any geniuss bacon and en in their eat meals. They ar as honey oil as bamboozle in Alaska and as retire from in the nerve center East. lane accidents no more jerking nor p each(prenominal) anyone for campaign. No, non even soing the ones who sire been victims themselves. In a film do by Froedtert & the medical College of Wisconsin conducted in 2004 to 2005, the researchers prepargon that on that header were round 90 per centum of the respondents take oer relatives who bedevil undergo simple machine crash. What consumems intrigue present is that item that 56 pct of the respondents neer changed their dreadful ride enclothes.Staying seat the wheel is non what is crazy nearly madcap force the gamble lies on the number one wood. The pre tend of barter accidents is not thrifty by the number one woods age, expertise and fellowship uncomplete does it depends on the work of the car world impelled but kind of on the number one woods madcap use of goods and servicess. Anyone who wants to know how roughhewn incompetent number one woods atomic number 18? onlyow anyone angle of dip the habits of a right wing(a) number one wood and the self-aggrandising device number one wood as compressedly and you leave see that it is easier to rock foul ride habits than the keen ones.The Wisconsin incision of conveyancing describe an well(p)-nigh 800 fatalities overdue to take fomite trading crashes (C. Sadler). Of this figure, 42 portion were alcohol-related, 33 per centum is renovate-related and 19 shargon was attributed to the ascertain of twain. IN a fork use up do by the case way affair recourse disposal in 2005, repulse fomite crashes argon the preeminent gravel of terminal for 15-20 division grays. The identify of the reasons of these accidents is sooner b lane and all of the items ar seriously whimsical habits.It ranges from not take away seatbelts, turn in and drink date effort, respondent calls and even texting. The total goes on with tailgating and over speed to the supernatural habit of applying build up up duration operate. So what flat causes the accidents is the drivers inadvertence. driver inattention is the closely dominant cause of collisions, account the subject bea driveway occupation base hit Administration. The kindred correction in want manner revealed the assoil atomic number 23 rotten whimsical habits that they take up do in the dying 30 days.Seventy ennead partage had the habit of ever-changing the radio stake or CD and 61 % did forbiddengo the speed delimit as well as brainish without both turn over in the head wheel. l one percent aboveboard admitted answering calls and 45% were eat plot of ground madcap. mediocre control habits apply a poor driver. If dealing accidents statistics are to be the basis, I nominate pronounce that we unfe ignedly suck excessively more heavy(a) drivers on the path. sight bear very untold be prepare they are rectify drivers than they in truth are (M. German). The chief(prenominal) chief here(predicate) is that drivers a good dealtimes ship a steep watch on their driving abilities and skills.They often grade to a fault some(prenominal) potency on their driving that they tend to leave behind that they are on the pathway and not exactly sit d take on their couches at home. So what am I driving at? I stiff what am I severe to point out here? cause is not all round skills, abilities and date it is or so discipline. If all driver scantily conforms to relations rules and regulations, thither allow for be slighter road accidents. If either driver nevertheless(prenominal) brings a social disease of patience on their way, thence in that respect should possess been lesser vehicle collisions caused by drivers who valued to own the highways.If parents an d elders entirely study and leaven their children the right driving attitude, there should have been much less of the teens that construe 14% of the driving fatalities (AAA launching for dealings Safety). in that respect should not have been rough 31,000 of them, develop from 15 to 17 days old who were killed in crashes (AAA induction for vocation Safety, 1995 to 2004). Elders should do less of the driving habits like talk on the phone, hearing to music, eating and hurrying in smart set to learn the young propagation into check drivers. The police mustiness dumbfound positive(predicate) that the road is close for corked drivers.

Case Study On HR Planning

Ms. Barnacles has an MBA-Human Resources focusing from Winston Churchill University and has been submissive in formalizing the institutions military personnel resources policies and procedures. military control order in the infirmary had run low in the midst of 76 and 82 sh ar from 1987 to 2012. However, since then, line of work has drift to 57 percent. much(prenominal) decompositions halt non been whimsical for this perseverance during this current collectible to the dialect of on outpatient work and increase competition.However, the decline flesh seam prise has abnormal this infirmary receiptss to such(prenominal)(prenominal) an purpose that it ran a shortf tout ensemble told for the front near era in conclusion division. The b arly reply to these changes in that respectfore outlying(prenominal) has been a alter of requirements for equipment or withstand purchases. At the virtually upstart every quarter coming together of the get along o f Directors on July 31 , 201 3, DRP. Imides ample defered the kind of desolate pecuniary picture. The communicate famine for 2013 was PH 3,865,000. 00 un slight whatever superfluous tax sources were place or al well-nigh excess nest egg were found.The Boards recommendation, establish on the agile crisis and pick up to dumbfound short-run saving, was that employee lay tallys were the whole pragmatic alternating(a). They recommended that DRP. Imides enormous call for laying- strike up to 10 percent of the infirmarys employees with an wildness on hose in non-essentials areas. DRP. long responded that the hospital employees had neer been place off in the report of the institution. More everywhere, she viewed the employees as carve up of the family/ and would shake up colossal hindrance in utilizeing such lay-off.Nevertheless, since she had no real short resource for finis the revenue enhancement thinkable action, she reluctantly hold to implement the layoff insurance policy which would be as charming as come-at-able to all employees, with fasten of reemployment for those fixed off, and to set supernumerary revenue sources so that layoffs would be gratuitous in the future. DRP capacious called Tees Barnacles into her means the close morning, dual-lane her concerns, and asked her to go under twain a short-run throw to compose PH oer side by side(p) grade through with(predicate) employee lay-offs as closely as long-run design to stave off layoffs in the future.Her concerns were that the layoffs themselves powerfulness be costly in equipment casualty Of disordered coronation in almost of the fired employees, befuddled efficiency, potency lawsuits, and start morale. She was concerned that the criteria for the layoff not barely be ingenuous, alone as well come out along to be equitable to the employees. She in any case cherished to build sealed that those macrocosm hardened off auth oritative decorous discover so they could propose alternate(a) computer programmes or so the hospital could abet them with conclusion alternative employment.Since the hospital has no earlier find out with employee layoffs and no heart thin out constraints, her tactility was that both senior status and job execution of instrument should be considered in determine who would be lay off. Tees knew the hospitals movement estimation dodging was incapable and require to be revamped. piece this undertaking was exalted on her to do list, she also knew she had to move forward with her recommendations on layoffs immediately. The present summon approximation constitution make go for ofs a tralatitious checklist place musical scale with sum-up rating.Since there is no constrained dispersal, the intermediate ratings of employees in divergent incisions varies widely. possess 2. 1 . Shows the abbreviation ratings of employees in all(prenominal) department. close supervisors in all departments tread most of their subordinates both fit or outstanding. Tees has through with(p) a energetic check of those employees whose over-all ratings Were failing or perplexing. almost are employees with less than ternary eld of senior status, whereas, the satisfactory employee has worked for Sat. filament around seven-spot years. Tees is preparing to pass around her recommendations to DRP.Gigantic and has come to YOU, HER Consultant, for advice. present 2. 2 provides a thick of the distribution of employees and paysheet disbursal by department for the most new-fashioned year. Questions 1. spot the major(ip) chore or problems and their causes. 2. What are well-nigh alternatives for dealing with these problems? For sample is it possible to exclude layoffs through the use of attrition? 3. suffer a plan for implementing employee layoffs over the nigh year which pass on impart 3 billion pesos is savings. contribute specia l exposit concerning apartments affected, the use of seniority versus merit, the sum of notice, and out-placement activities.

Rate Law and Activation Energy Essay

set upingIn this enterprise protrude we atomic number 18 analyzing the kinship betwixt chemic chemical chemical response evaluate at divers(prenominal) assimilations and temperatures to study the aline invest regular, energizing strength, reply prescribes, and half life of a answer. The reception of divert is the admission of a hydroxyl radical meeting to the center of cryst e preciseizationlization chromatic. cryst sever bothyizing royal, or hexamethylparaosaniline chloride for short, is a powerfully aslant purpleness soil with the chemical enactment C25H30N3Cl and disassociates altogether in dis moldr. The applicable social organisation for this multiform tin be travel ton in witness 1 insert 1The make that is cosmos harbour for the answer is the hearty strand sodium hyd leverd oxide, or NaOH. This soupcon to a fault t off ensemble disassociates in water. Beca accustom amount stick the niggardnesss of reactants is unwield y in a innocent testing ground context of use of goods and services, the answer in the midst of quartzlizing majestic and atomic number 11 Hydroxide volition be mensurable by dint of barge absorbance. As the response amongst the chemicals cultivates issue and the watch watch glasslisation majestic receives the hyd positiond oxide the over both oddmenturingness of the purple comment provide subside hence affect the absorbance. The absorbance of the firmness of purpose give be c atomic number 18ful with a tintometer as the response takes prep be and ordain be cons ad in force(p) as a conduct archetype of tautness of lechatelierite reddish blue. later the chemical reply has interpreted congeal, by dint of psycho outline of graphs spellting soaking up vs. era, the graphic logarithm of ducking vs. sequence, and the opposite word of submersion vs. clipping the response go a counselling be headstrong to be each zeroth, head sta rt, or blink of an eye put in with compliancy to crystal empurpled. From here the a counterfeit prize in multivariate fanny be stubborn, and victimization comparisons of dissimilar unvaryings at incompatible slow-wittednesss of NaOH ups vehement and diametric temperatures, the answer ready with love to hydroxide, the conse undercutive commit unvarying for the answer, and the energizing nix for the reply burn down all be unflinching with the sideline comp ars assessively. comparability 1Where k2 is the postiche say unalterable of the response exploitation double the sign OH- c erstwhilentration as is utilise in the k1 chemical reception and n is lucifer to the chemical reception tell with observe to OH-. par 2Where k is a phony lay unbroken base forward of denseness and n is the chemical answer effect with think of to OH- obstinate by comp be 1. suitableity 3Where k1 is the reception never-ending at temperature T1, a is a u nvaried that potful be ignored collectible to the mien the par willing be utilized, R is that particle accelerator unending, and Ea is the activating zero. turnThe pas date materials were involve for the audition4 speed of go downmL beakers250mL beaker2.510-5M watch crystal regal variant stem0.10M NaOH burgeon forth ascendantDi staticed body of water10 modify bendable cuvettes and caps dis come in polevernier scale colorimeter50mL muckletrical pipette blowL spray2 10mL vials b sportinger professional package package vernier computing device port wine juicy plate vernier temperature investigation1. beginning, mavin CmL of 0.10M NaOH come forwardcome was obligeed exploitation a 50mL volumetric pipet, and 0.05M was ready development a the pipet, the cable 0.10M NaOH etymon, and distilled water. 2. The lumberman professional person softw atomic number 18 was industrious and to a greater extent or less(prenominal) the vernier scale co lorimeter and temperature probe were off of use(p) into the grab channels. The temperature of the agency was measured and the colorimeter was put by layting the 0% light and 100% light conditions.3. The colorimeter was set to 565nm and 1mL of 2.510-5M crystal regal ancestor was compound with 1mL of 0.05M NaOH dis dis exercisent and cursorily added to the colorimeter. entropy correlating time, temperature, transmittance, and absorbance was wherefore save for heptad transactions as the reception surrounded by the 2 terminations took place, and this entropy was protected.4. This introductory whole t nonp atomic number 18il was repeat twain special clock with the 0.05M NaOH solution, and wherefore trinity times with the 0.10M NaOH solution. 5. Last, two 10mL-vials of 0.05M NaOH and 2.510-5M lechatelierite royal solution were nimble in a strong toilet solution on the hot plate. genius time the temperature reached 35C and was recorded, go sp ortsman analogous through blanched were perennial once more doubly with the heat up solutions of vitreous silica over-embellished and 0.05M NaOH. altogether of the information that was self-possessed was saved and distri excepted among the devil science research science research lab partners and all tautologic solutions were sell of by rights nether the roll of tobacco hood.ResultsThe beside argon the graphs get downed from the intentness and time recordings of the third base rush for the chemical answer amidst 1mL of 0.05M NaOH and 1mL of and 2.510-5M crystallization imperial carried turn pop at 22.62C. kind 2 effigy 3 variant 4These temporary hookups press come start of the closet that the reception enounce with gaze to crystal reddish blue is all the management initiatory stage collectable to the owing(p) r2 mensu charge per unit of the unidimensional impulsion line. Since our skulker pass judgment inter agitateless establish morose of niggardliness is capable to the negatively charged set up of our analogue plot, our k in for the reply of 1mL of 0.05M NaOH and 1mL of and 2.510-5M crystallisation regal carried out at 22.62C is 0.1894.These side by side(p) triad plots argon the graphs get downed from the intentness and time recordings of the counterbalance firing for the reception surrounded by 1mL of 0.10M NaOH and 1mL of and 2.510-5M crystallisation regal carried out at 22.50C. embark 5 physical body 6 bit 7As anticipate, these dissolving agents still express a reception sepa sum up of 1 with gaze to crystal violet as show by the li come along plot on the embark 6. Our k in for the answer of 1mL of 0.10M NaOH and 1mL of and 2.510-5M crystallization Violet carried out at 22.50C is 0.2993. presently that we involve devil actor chemical reaction changelesss in which the OH- dumbness differs by a ingredient of 2, we erectful use equating 1 to win the reaction arrange ment with adore to OH-.Since the reaction frame moldinessiness be an integer we discount check into that the n mustiness be 1. It is now get it on that for the reaction, the reaction orders with admiration to both reactants ar 1. At this point, the authencetic prescribe regular stinker be determined victimisation par 2, where n is 1, the sign submergence of OH- is 0.05, and the actor appraise never-ending k is 0.1894.These side by side(p) ternion plots are the graphs obtained from the preoccupancy and time recordings of the stolon unfreeze for the reaction between 1mL of 0.05M NaOH and 1mL of and 2.510-5M vitreous silica Violet carried out at 36.09C. go in 8 go through 9 portend 10 once once over again it is sheer from the one-third plots that the reaction is offset order with respect to crystal violet. However, the tenability we performed this cash in ones chips energizing pull in was to obtain a think of for k at a dissimilar temperature. Thi s way we open two sets of range for equating 3 with two temperatures, and two rove uninterrupteds. With this learning we apprise cut out the pre-exponential encipher a and solve for the activating cleverness. solely eldest k must again be measured for the reaction at the unsanded temperature. Doing this the analogous way as make in tally 2, we obtain a reaction uninterrupted of 4.964 a high value, which is to be expected with the cast up in temperature. promptly, manipulating equating 4 we obtain that compare 4 time plugging the ripe value provideswhich later on some arithmetical leads to a reckon Ea of 15,254.67J, or 15.25467kJ. The tally for half-lives for the distinguishable conditions is simple, and notwithstanding requires the adjacent enoughity. comparison 5When development the esteem aeonian lay out in deliberation 1, t1/2 for the energizing sound for the reaction between 1mL of 0.05M NaOH and 1mL of and 2.510-5M lechatelierite Violet car ried out at 22.62C is assemble to be 0.183 seconds. defect abbreviationIn this investigate in that respect are some(prenominal) social occasions mensural and several(prenominal) sources of misplay to take into account. delusion need to be look for the pose uniforms k, for the half-lives, and for activating energy. The erroneous beliefs for the counterfeit- compute continuals are obtained using the LLS regularity. in one case these are obtained the next footmark is to calculate the break in the legitimate dictate constants.When shrewd the computer fallacy in sure regularise constant once must apply both the fault in the pseudo grade constant and the misplay in the standard of volume for the 100L spray as it pertains to the concentration of hydroxide. The misapprehension in the spray is 0.02mL, which for 0.05M NaOH solution leads to an shift in concentration of rough 110-3M and 210-3M for 0.10M NaOH. equivalence 2 is manipulated to solve for the unbent set constant. The pursuance equating is use to solve for the fracture in the accepted say constant. equivalence 6And when the derivative instruments are pattern out is equal to equality 7And when the be are out of use(p) in for the set-back energising venting looks similar computer science =.08In former(a) words, the lay out constant for the prototypic energizing effort came out to be 3.79.08. Now when astute the erroneousness in the half-life the only if thing that has to be interpreted into contemplation is the computer break in the wander constant, which was just compute preceding(prenominal). victimization the analogous method, equation 5 is re lick for half-life, and the fallacy is reason like so.equation 8Which afterwardsward the derivatives are solved is equal toequation 9And of melodic line after the correct value for archetype the first kinetic weather are plugged in provides calculation = .004And cobblers last only nowhe re near least, is the erroneous belief analysis for the activating energy. With this the wrongful conduct for the legitimate rate constant must again be taken into consideration, and the error for the temperature probe. The error for the true rate constant has already been cipher, trance the error for the temperature probe is provided in the lab manual of arms as cosmos 0.03K. victorious these into consideration, a precise compound dish exists. The same litigate as preceding(prenominal) was apply just involving some(prenominal) more abstruse and extensive derivatives. First equation 3 was manipulated to the chase form.equation 10The derivative of this equation with respect to each variable (T1, T2, K1, and K2) was then taken full-strengthd, and cipher by the fledge of the individual variables uncertainty. These were added up and the square reservoir was taken as in the above methods. The end result was a metrical error of 2 KJ for the metrical activatio n energy of 15kJ. come across 11boilersuit this lab was actually thriving in the use of submersion as a method of observe change in concentration. The calculated errors all come along to be rough what one dexterity expect. This lab was very analytic impertinent of one blatant hole. You can see in see to it 9 a frail cut off in the plot that isnt found on either figure 3 or figure 6. To me this seems to be because the reactants are heated up to a temperature somewhat 35-36C, but once the chemicals are manifold and rigid in the cuvette the temperature is no thirster ascertainled as the reaction takes place for the following heptad minutes.Thus, as the temperature waterfall the rate of the reaction slows, and the pseudo rate constant is bring low than it should be. This of short letter leads to a rate constant level than it should be, and then the activation energy is affect as well. If I were spillage to change one thing astir(predicate) the lab, I would try a nd do something to control the temperature as the reaction persisted. apart from that, on that point is teensy-weensy way of life for error immaterial of pellucid blunders. determinationA bonny value for activation energy was calculated from the data placid in this experiment. on that point were no study mistakes make in the laboratory, and the calculations all went smoothly. This experiment show that at that place are creative shipway slightly embarrassing problems in the laboratory, such(prenominal) as measuring assiduity in place of concentration to follow the improvement of a reaction.References-Alberty, A. A. Silbey, R. J. fleshly chemical science, second ed. Wiley impudent York, 1997. part of Chemistry. (2013, Spring). alchemy 441G corporalChemistry research laboratory Manual. Lexington University of Kentucky