Conflicting Medical Reports Essay

In this paper I will give you a depiction of the case that was talked about, I will likewise examine what you ought to do if clashing clinical conclusions are introduced by your general doctor and the organizations doctor, and which clinical expert’s counsel tallies more and why? I am likewise going to examine if the case introduced is a charge of separation and in the event that it is pertinent to this case and why? In conclusion, in the event that I was given a case like this what might I do? This case is about a worker named Donald Knolls who was an aviation authority manager for International Gateway Airport (IGA). In, 2007 Donald started to encounter misery and discouragement related issues because of serious pressure brought about by the activity. In 2008, Donald was conceded inability leave to experience treatment for his disease. After eight months and after broad treatment and assessments. Donald’s individual doctor, and counseling authorized therapist concurred that he could come back to his previous position. IGA sent Donald to their doctor that they doled out to him to endorse the handicap, before they would close down and affirm him to return to his administrative employment. After the assessment of IGA’s doctor inferred that Donald has made extraordinary steps to improving he ought not come back to his administrative position on the grounds that, the activity conditions have not changed and Donald was adept to the pressure excessively. In the event that Donald needs to come back to work he should take a non-administrative situation for a half year and be reconsidered around then to decide whether he can return back to his administrative elixir. Donald was furious and not content with this course of action and recorded a complaint through IGA’s elective question goals technique. After a few gatherings the business kept up that they reserved the option to depend on the clinical assessment of a reasonable and unprejudiced doctor who confirmed that Donald ought not be coming back to the situation since that was the reason for the worry all things considered. The board brought up the arrangements of Donald’s incapacity leave which expressed that it might require suitable documentation on the off chance that it accepts a worker isn't fit to come back to their previous position. Donald recruited a lawyer to speak to him and expressed that the inability leave arrangements were clear in any case, one-sided against the worker since they ignored what their own doctor and therapist expressed. Donald’s legal advisor additionally expressed that he was a casualty of segregation dependent on his conventional condition of despondency. The clinical master that IGA allocated to the organization has alloted to the case should take some priority, yet that the master doctor should take in thought or even counsel the individual doctor and analyst that was rewarding Donald. The organization employs their own physician’s because of the high hazard work that is in addressing. The organization ensures that their employee’s are fit to work and ensure that the entirety of the planes take off and land securely. Additionally, a few organizations have their own physician’s because of protection purposes, in the event that they get a doctor appointed to them particularly in aircraft field, the obligation protection is most likely cut. Segregation can be a piece of the circumstance be that as it may, things being what they are it could go the two different ways. I Donald’s eyes yes he is being oppressed on the grounds that, he worked superbly, found support for is issue, and is prepared and ready to return to his position, feeling that the organization would hold his situation since they are the ones that affirmed his inability. Be that as it may, in the event that you see it on the organizations side, at that point no they are not being oppressing Donald, they are ensuring that the wellbeing of everybody at the air terminal and all the carriers, representatives, and travelers are protected, they are ensuring that he won't be an obligation to them and every other person. On the off chance that I was in this circumstance and introduced a case like this I would examine Donald’s case, talk with every one of the three doctors and afterward carry this up with the Board or even different directors and see what the best arrangement would be. It may be the case that he would be in a lower rank situation for thirty days. Yet, I truly feel that I would prescribe for Donald to be returned to his position yet to be watched and observed intently and ensure that all is well before he is given up all alone. In the event that he ends up being alright, at that point everything is extraordinary in any case, on the off chance that they see that the pressure has gotten to him once more, at that point they can address him and check whether there is another position or something that they can accomplish for him. All in all, I have given you a depiction of the circumstance, gone over if the exhortation of the clinical master that the organization delivered or in the event that you ought to go with the individual physician’s supposition, if the charge of separation introduced by Donald’s legal counselor applicable and if this case was introduced to me what choice I would do. In job’s like an air traffic controller you should have the option to endure a ton of stress. Numerous individuals can't carry out the responsibility, and the ones that can do it are extraordinary and that is the reason they bring in the cash.

Forecast

Dear Ms. Jones: In request to get the conjecture for the fifth year we needed to assemble and dissect the information of the four earlier years in your organization. The pattern (information carrying on with a similar recurrence throughout the years) that was found was the accompanying: The starting a long time of the year are the ones with higher deals. As the months pass by, deals keep diminishing until December, where deals return up once more. Presently, let me clarify how we had the option to show up to this end. Initially, we determined the normal interest by including all the deals of each of the four years and isolating them by the quantity of months (48). At that point, we thought of the proportion by isolating the deals of every period by the normal interest. The regular list is then acquired by getting the normal of that month proportions of every one of the four years. For instance, the normal of all the 4 January proportions. The regular file is a normal that can be utilized to contrast a real perception relative with what it would be on the off chance that we there were no occasional variety. We show up to the occasional estimate by isolating the deals by the regular file. At that point we get the pattern line by including the block in addition to the x-variable and increasing that by every period. The pattern estimate is the thing that will show you the normal pattern of the years. That is gotten by duplicating the pattern line times the occasional list. Here’s a preview of the pattern of the what the fifth year would resemble: And here is another diagram indicating the pattern of the four earlier years: As you can tell, the business conduct rehashes itself consistently. This pattern is by all accounts steady. Notwithstanding, I should caution you that the p-esteem (rate deficient) in the synopsis yield is fundamentally higher than . 06, (it is a. 404056) and this implies this gauge isn't truly dependable. I additionally determined the rate blunders; the outright rate mistake (MAPE) is 3. 85%. This mistake was determined by isolating the outright blunder (which we got by taking away the pattern figure from the deals and utilizing the total estimation of that), by the deals, and afterward getting the level of all the supreme rate blunders. I trust this encourages you comprehend the pattern of your deals consistently. The most significant thing for you to recognize is where you are having higher deals the potential reasons why those business decline as the years reaches a conclusion.

2nd Half of IAP

2nd Half of IAP For the first half of IAP, we were speed walking to prepare for the spring semester. But for the second half, we arrived on campus and did some stuff! In no particular order, here is a list: 1) We went on an errand run with our mom (she was visting us), and got side tracked along the way! Look at the frozen river! and ducks! and geese! close up of frozen river! 2) We saw Mary and the Witchs Flower, the first movie of the brand new Studio Ponoc, with our equally-ghibli-obsessed-friend Nia M. 20!! As expected from a company that is essentially the second Studio Ghibli, the visuals were absolutely stunning! Like the beauty of the animation alone will make you cry (at least it made us cry). cameo: person eating popcorn 3) We went on another errand run. The sky was really pretty! 4) We saw the Shakespeare Ensemble’s production of Go Back for Murder also with Nia (no selfie for this time)! But OMG, we were all on the edge of our seats the whole time. Also, the ensemble put together this show literally over IAP, which is so incredibly impressive. 5) A friend who graduated last year came to visit for a weekend, and we had brunch at the Friendly Toast (a somewhat overpriced, but very popular breakfast place with lots of wierd decor)! 6) We saw Dear Evan Hansen in a totally legitimate way online with an equally-musicals-obsessed-friend! We tried setting up in the Burton Conner TV room, but after an hour of failing to get the projector working, we just went up to her suite and watched it on her laptop. It was A M A Z I N G! Ben Platt is actually not human (we are convinced). 7) We finally saw Loving Vincent with more friends from Burton Conner! OMG it was so incredible to watch, because a l l o f i t w a s p a i n t e d ! ! ! ! 8) Allan: I went to a freinds housewarming, and in true introverted fashion, quickly met someone to talk to while  we began partaking in the *best* type of party activity organizing the magnets of the fridge in neat rows! When we finished, people around us tried guessing which states the shape of the magnets form (Connecticut? Alabama? both?!). Also, we located some cool random phrases! The favorites were empty unseen storm light and  moon blue within. Just now, I found fashion crush lather goddess. Feel free to comment any other ones that you find!! 9) We started our MassArt classes! And yes “MassArt class-ES,” as in plural! Because we are in different ones :O. We kind of expected this because cross-registering is hard, since many spots are taken in the classes already by the time they let non-MassArt students register. We are actually happy about it because, for like the first time, we get to take full advantage of being twins! Hopefully sometime over the summer, when we have time to do independent animation projects, we will swap knowledge! Anyways, the classes are Digital Toolbox (which is a class that teaches Animation softwares, taken by Allan), and Character Animation (which is what it sounds like, taken by Danny)! The MassArt semester started a month ago, which is the reason why we came back in the middle of IAP. So we’ ve already had a couple classes, and are both really enjoying them! 10) We participated in UPOP!! It’s a year-long program technically, but the bulk of the time commitment is in one week over IAP. You get divided into teams guided by a successful MIT alumni, and participate in professional development workshops, and it was honestly really really cool! When deciding whether or not to do it, we asked around and heard many not-so-great opinions. Mainly, people said that UPOP just teaches soft skills, things that you can learn on your own. We signed up despite this, and honestly do not regret it! Yes, it was workshop after workshop developing soft skills, but if we learned anything from UPOP and all the mentors, it’s that those skills are just as, if not more important, that technical skills in your career. And we personally felt that we learned things that we wouldnt have been able to learn by ourselves.  Besides being super useful and educational, the workshops were for the most part fun and interactive! They ranged from a guided negotiation sessi on to building a skyscrapper with pencils and blocks to an actor teaching us how to effectivley present! That about sums it up! We just got settled down into the semester, and will probably blog about that soon! Till then! Post Tagged #Charles River #cross-registration #photography #Shakespeare Ensemble #UPOP

The Effects of Poverty in Our World Essay - 1586 Words

All over the world, disparities between the rich and poor, even in the wealthiest of nations is rising sharply. Fewer people are becoming increasingly â€Å"successful† and wealthy while a disproportionately larger population is also becoming even poorer. There are many issues involved when looking at poverty. It is not simply enough (or correct) to say that the poor are poor due to their own (or their government’s) bad governance and management. In fact, you could quite easily conclude that the poor are poor because the rich are rich and have the power to enforce trade agreements, which favor their interests more than the proper nations. This is a very serious problem in our society today. Poverty is everywhere and it needs to reduced so†¦show more content†¦Ever since then our government has tried to reduce the poverty in our nation, and so far has had a hard time. In 1996, Bill Clinton addressed the welfare bill, and that resulted in an estimated one million children being thrown into poverty (Egendorf: 1999, 19). However, assistance from the Government has also been helpful. Programs such as Social Security, Food stamps, housing assistance are safety nets that has helped lower the high risk of poverty. Without these added benefits, people would be a lot worse than they are now. The safety net programs reduced the child poverty rate from 24% before the benefits were counted down to 16% (Egendorf: 1999, 19). Supplemental Security income, local general assistance, and earned income tax credits have also been popular components of income in the United States (Lynn, McGeary: 1990, 235). Education levels are not as high in urban areas, which means that the people who are living in these areas are not qualified for the high paying jobs. High skilled jobs are beyond the reach of those who live in areas of concentrated poverty, and those who are going for the high skilled jobs, are finding their way out of these areas of concentrated poverty. Higher standard of living also attracts immigrants, which makes it hard for people living in urban areas to find good paying jobs, because the immigrants will work for lowerShow MoreRelatedChild Labour And Child Labor1600 Words   |  7 Pagesor industry, usually illegal. â€Å"3 billion people around the world survive on $2.50 a day or less. And 2 billion people do not hold a bank account or have access to essential financial services† (â€Å"Living in Poverty†1). Children that are normally in labor come from a poor family that’s in need of money so badly that it comes down to selling their own children or putting them up for jobs. Child labor is happening right now, all around our world. There are children being forced into labor and not knowingRead MorePoverty Is A Hot Topic On The Current World Of Politics1467 Words   |  6 PagesName and Section Number November 11, 2015 Growing in Poverty Poverty is currently not a hot topic in the current world of politics. Every candidate wants to tackle the upper or the middle class and often forget about those living in poverty. Poverty can affect anyone and effect everyone in our society. One may wonder what poverty is and why poverty is a big issue or does it have a large impact on our societies. Webster’s dictionary defines poverty as the state of one who lacks a usual or sociallyRead MorePoverty Essay948 Words   |  4 PagesAccounts, Experiences and Scenarios in Poverty Stories and factual experiences provide insight to readers that explicate the reality of any situation. The solutions to poverty become more attainable when accounts from others’ experiences are brought into consideration. In Jo Goodwin Parkers’ â€Å"What is Poverty?,† Lars Eighners’ â€Å"On Dumpster Diving,† Peter Singers’ â€Å"The Singer Solution to World Poverty† and Barbara Ehrenreichs’ â€Å"A Step Back to the Workhouse, † each author expands on personal experiencesRead MoreClimate Change and Poverty1734 Words   |  7 PagesClimate Change and Poverty Over the past few decades, a major concern is the threat climate change possess for today’s economy. Millions of people are affected each and every day by climate change but this is just the beginning of the worst. One thing that seems to go unharmed by climate change is social status; how long will money last as a barrier to the effects of Mother Nature? How does poverty increase the risks associated the devastating powers of climate change? When speaking in termsRead MoreExamples Of Poverty Essay943 Words   |  4 PagesThe Shame in Poverty Accounts The solutions to poverty are plentiful when accounts from others’ experiences are brought into consideration. Stories and experiences provide insight to readers that explicate the reality of any situation. In â€Å"What is Poverty† â€Å"On Dumpster Diving† â€Å"Lifeboat Ethics† and â€Å"The Singer Solution,† each article expands on personal experiences and situations to open the reader to various viewpoints on how poverty is perceived by society, as well as how it is perceived by thoseRead MoreEffect Of Trade Openness On Developing Countries1591 Words   |  7 Pagespanel data for 25 developing countries is used for the years 2000, 2005 and 2010. These countries are listed separately in appendix ‘A’. The World Bank list of developing countries was referred to but data for these three particular years was available for 25 out of 145 countries. All the variables that were used in our model were sourced from the World Bank’s Wor ld Development Indicators 2013. The description of variables is given in appendix ‘B’.The descriptive statistics of the variables are presentedRead MoreThe Cause of Poverty in Mexico1527 Words   |  7 PagesThe Causes of Poverty in Mexico | |[pic] |Are you aware that 20 million people in Mexico live on less than two dollars a day? Sixty million people, half the Mexican | |population, live in poverty, and 20 million of them live in extreme poverty. Most of the time, garbage is their food, and some | |days, they don’t even eat anything. This critical situation in Mexico is caused by individual, geographic and political factors. | |The purpose of this essay is to analyze these three main causesRead MoreGlobalization And Its Effects On Society1011 Words   |  5 Pagesbusinesses around the world have interacted and integrated with each other. This is called globalization. Globalization has reformed almost every industry and affects billions of lives whether you realize it or not. Around the world, people view international trade as a good thing but this is hindered by concerns about its side effects. To find the balance between pros and cons associated with globalization, citizens everywhere need to know how globalization works. This includes its effects on the environmentRead MoreReasons that Can Cause Poverty Essay1052 Words   |  5 Pages Poverty is the lack of the basic needs of life, including food, shelter, clothing and safe drinking water. For a person to live normally, it is important to meet a certain level of physical, social, and emotional needs. People who live in poverty have difficult time to achieve those as they are not welcomed in many places. Because of their low incomes, they have troubles in maintaining their health, hunger, education. Poverty has become a large issue around the world. It is something that manyRead MorePoverty and Its Effect on Society1421 Words   |  6 PagesPOVERTY AND ITS EFFECT ON SOCIETY Poverty and its Effect on Society Le’Quisha Davis SOC 100 – Introduction to Sociology Professor Lisa Riggleman-Gross January 29, 2012 Abstract The United States has one of the strongest economies in the world. Even in light of recent events such as the economic collapse and recession, the U.S. reported a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of $47,200 per capita in 2010 (estimated). The U.S. has maintained its status as the largest

Performance Enhancing Drugs In Sports Essay - 1574 Words

Performance enhancing drugs should be eliminated from all sports because they create an unfair competitive advantage. I am against the use of Performance Enhancing Drugs in sports because it is a worldwide problem that takes the integrity out of the game. There are so many people involved from trainers, players and coaches. In the past athletes played for love of the game, today however, the players have so much more at stake then just being able to play the game because they love it. Athletes will use any means necessary to get performance enhancing drugs(PED). They will use there team trainer or personal trainer to attain these drugs. Some athletes will go through their coach who may have the ability to supply the players with PED.†¦show more content†¦There are also psychological affects such violent behavior, mental depression and suicidal behavior. Usually years after the player will stop using PED after the playing days are over then the physical deterioration takes place. This is noticeable since the person will be 240 pounds when they were playing and now are down to about 180 after they retire. If they go off the PED altogether then there weight will drop and muscles shrink tremendously. A great example is Lyle Alzado, a former NFL player who was a terror on the field with PED. After retirement he was a broken down old man who could barely walk and eventually died from so many performance substances he had taken during his career. History PED have a tremendous affect on the history of pro sports. Athletes who use PED are cheaters, plain and simple. These players are sacrificing the integrity of the game by cheating; they cheat the other players who only use the god given ability to compete. If a â€Å"natural† player can throw a 90 mile an hour fastball and a player on PED can throw 98, then who is going to make the team, the one who can throw harder or run faster. They cheat the history of past players who were great players and possible set records that they are trying to break. There are so many records falling in all sports that have been in place for decades. Back in 1998 when Mark McGuire and Sammy Sosa were chasing theShow MoreRelatedPerformance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports1078 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Performance-enhancing drugs in sports: A literature review A number of prominent athletes have recently experienced a fall from grace, because of the revelation that they used performance-enhancing drugs. Perhaps the most famous example of this phenomenon is Lance Armstrong. In an advertisement for Nike that his former sponsor now no doubt regrets, Armstrong is shown asking the viewer what am I on? Im on my bike, busting my ass six hours a day. Professional cycling is often cited as one ofRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs For Sports1227 Words   |  5 PagesPerformance Enhancing Drugs Sport records are becoming harder   to break and seeing records are starting to become a thing of the past.. Players aren’t being able to hit these home runs or score long touchdown’s. Injured   players are getting kicked off the team or even quit because they can’t get to their peak performance that they were at before they got injured.   If more players were to use performance enhancing drugs they would be able to compete to the performance of past players. A performanceRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs For Sports Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesPerformance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports A tremendously large problem in sports is whether or not athletes should be able to use performance enhancing drugs. To most people, it doesn t make any sense for athletes to be using them. They have to know what affect it has on their body not only physically, but also mentally. Around the early 2000’s is when all this starting coming up and it has made a dramatic impact on the sports world. The few people who want performance-enhancing drugs in sports don’tRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs in Sports1686 Words   |  7 PagesPerformance Enhancing Drugs in Sports Athletes use performance enhancing drugs to boost their game. The professionals who use these drugs are ruining the integrity of the game. Many people don’t understand why professional athletes would go to such extreme measures to be better when they have already proven themselves. Athletes are just taking away from their natural ability by using these dangerous drugs. The risk of using performance enhancing drugs is a lot greater than the reward, because anRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs in Sports1207 Words   |  5 PagesThe growth and use of performance enhancing drugs makes them no longer a taboo subject among professional athletes, and is starting to become in fact rampant among athletes. There appears to be no end in sight when leagues like the NFL and NCAA have weak testing programs. Traditional locker rooms in the NFL have a few steroid users and have many HGH abusers due to the NFL’s weak testing programs. HGH has become a rampant issue for the NFL, because it allows the average NFL player to gain an edgeRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs in Sports527 Words   |  2 Pagesuse of performance-enhancing steroids in sports is forming a problem. The sports that they play end up being cheated by these frauds. This is a disgusting epidemic. For example, â€Å"The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) recently estimated that over half of a million 8th through 10th grade students are abusing AAS, and that many high school seniors do not believe their use constitutes a health risk† (steroidabuse.com). The problem exists in professional sports and below. Steroid use in sports is becomingRead MorePerformance Of Sports And Performance Enhancing Drugs2051 Words   |  9 PagesPerformance Enhancers in Elite Sports Performance enhancing drugs are as old as sports themselves. Even the ancient athlete that competed in some of the first Olympic Games were know to use substances to boost their performance. It is on record that â€Å"Olympian Thomas Hicks won the marathon after receiving an injection of strychnine during the race in the third Olympiad†. (Savulescu, 1) It wasn’t until the 70’s that athletes began being tested for performance enhancing drugs and they became bannedRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs For Professional Sports1703 Words   |  7 Pagesthe use of performance enhancing drugs. The debate on whether or not performance enhancing substances should be allowed in professional sports has been going on for years, decades even. Many believe that using steroids and other performance enhancers should automatically disqualify an athlete from ever being able to be a member of the Hall of Fame, in sports in general, not just in Major League Baseball. However, there is an argument to be made to make the use of performance enhancing drugs legal inRead More Performance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports Essay1678 Words   |  7 PagesPerformance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports In all areas of sports, professional, college, and even high school, there is widespread illegal use of performance-enhancing drugs. Although there are many reasons for athletes to choose to use these drugs, the cost of such use, both to the athlete and to society can be extraordinarily high. It is important to understand why performance-enhancing drugs are used and what are the consequences of their use to the athlete and society. One of theRead MoreSports and Performance Enhancing Drugs Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesPerformance enhancing drugs in todays pro sports have become a big deal, because of health stimulants and the benefits that such studies have on good development of the person and on fair athletic games. Pediatricians or trainers can play a huge role in helping the athlete or player that is using or taking performance enhancing drugs. By taking factual info about the true benefits and medical problems of these drugs and giving information about healthy food and working out. Tries to create a change

Describe the Reaction of British People to the Argentinean Invasion of the Falkland Islands Free Essays

There were huge number of different reactions and emotions shown by the British people following the invasion of the Argentinean junta of the Falklands. These included outrage, humiliation, anger, resentment, fear, pride and even shame. Much of the first response was of shame. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe the Reaction of British People to the Argentinean Invasion of the Falkland Islands or any similar topic only for you Order Now The people were embarrassed that a â€Å"once-great† country could suffer such a humiliation in losing its territory to the Argentineans. Initially this reaction was vented upon the Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, and many people including influential politicians called for her resignation in the early stages of the conflict in the South Atlantic. Many were outraged that Argentina had apparently beaten the British, because they thought that the Latin Americans were not a real world power. As one disgruntled Brit said to The Daily Mail, â€Å"Mrs Thatcher will not only go down in history as the first woman Prime minister but possibly the first to allow a Spanish speaking nation to defeat us. Sir Francis drake must be turning in his grave. † This chauvinism added to the sense of humiliation and, despite being the words of a solitary person, is an example of the resentment that was being directed towards the Prime Minister. Spawned by this feeling of humiliation arose one of anger. Again the anger was often directed at the government and, as I before, specifically at Margaret Thatcher. People looked at her leadership and saw weakness, believing her neither willing nor strong enough to defend her country’s history and heritage. After all the British had been for centuries one of the most successful militaries on the planet. Some even used the Argentinians government’s decision to invade the Falklands, as a way to criticise the way the British government was run. The Times wrote â€Å"The Prime Minister should have resigned over the humiliation of the Falkland islands†. Some said that regaining the Falklands was a secondary objective, after sorting out domestic the political situation, which many disliked and didn’t support. However, Margaret Thatcher was not the only focus for public outrage and anger. The British people also commonly resented the Argentinians for their invasion. There was even a show of open aggression towards the Argentinian ambassador in London when an egg was thrown at his residence. Other displays of resentment included one famous, world cup-winning Argentinian footballer, Ossie Ardiles, being forced to give up playing in England due to the hostile treatment he received from some opposing fans. Tesco banned the sale of Argentinian corned beef and Brooke Bond Oxo, a company selling Argentinian meat, halted its imports in protest at the invasion. At Westminster no Argentinian food was allowed to be sold in any of the canteens or restaurants. One football team in Sussex refused to wear their new kit, a copy of the Argentinian international strip, as a protest and a display of anger. One newspaper, The Times again, condemned the Argentinian invasion saying; â€Å"Argentina’s seizure of the Falkland Islands is as perfect an example of unprovoked aggression and military expansion as the world has had to witness since the end of Adolf Hitler. † News coverage like this further provoked the resentment and stirred popular anger against Argentina. This type of journalism, aimed at disrupting the peace and adding to the public’s angry view of Argentina, was rife amongst the newspapers of the time. As well as anger, a popular view was the sentiment that British pride was at stake and action must be taken to counter the aggression to restore the country’s reputation. It was commonly believed that the majority of the British population wanted to use force to regain the Falklands and that they saw resolving the matter as very important. The Times reported that â€Å"Seventy percent of British people believe the Royal Navy should sink Argentinian ships. † This shows the extent of resentment in the minds of the British people towards the Argentinians. If the poll was representative of the British peoples’ view, it shows the real strength of popular opinion. It is very strong backing for war. This was seen when the first battleships set course for the Falklands. There were huge crowds at the ports cheering and holding messages of support for the Navy. Tens of thousands of people were there to support the fleet and their loved ones. There was joy at the prospect of beating the Argentinians and pride in the people whom were to do it. However, there were clearly also some who did not want violence or war. There were people whose main interest in the islands was the safety and well-being of the 1800 occupants. Many wanted the solution to be a negotiated, rather than a forceful or violent one, to make the situation as easy and un-stressful as possible for the islanders. Support for this ideal was led by Tony Benn of the Labour Party. He wanted the party to oppose the plans to invade the Falklands in a response to the Argentinian one. Some surveys found hardly any support for the total declaration of war by the British government. This was true of a survey by The Manchester Evening News. One person said that the â€Å"liberation of the Falkland Islands† was a â€Å"secondary objective† behind sorting out the political situation at home, which had created a â€Å"tangible atmosphere of blood lust†. He blamed the misguided government and media, for generating overly passionate and violent feelings about the Argentine invasion. Again this, despite being a solitary opinion, was an example of the widely held belief that the government were handling the situation poorly and the use of force was not as important as some[politicians and media figures] suggested. Ossie Ardiles, the abused footballer, said, â€Å"Most of the British people don’t even seem to know where the islands are. They are only finding out now through newspaper reports†. This again is an example of the way the media were responsible for some of the â€Å"blood lust† that was generated at the time, with their inflammatory writing. Another reaction to the Invasion by the Argentinians was that of fear and panic. This occurred when the economy and stock market was negatively affected by the loss of the Falklands. The pound was decreasing in value which led to fears about increases in interest rates which would affect all businesses and home owners. As well as this over the few days following the invasion i5,000 million was wiped from share values in the stock market. The uncertainty resulted in a wave of fast selling of shares. In conclusion I feel that the main reaction of the British was initially that of anger, towards both Margaret Thatcher and her government (for failing to defend the islands adequately) and also increasingly towards the Argentinian military government for attacking them in the first place. After this came other responses that stem from anger such as embarrassment, humiliation, wounded national pride and the desire to put the whole thing right again. It is clear from the evidence that the media had a huge effect on the reactions that were expressed. How to cite Describe the Reaction of British People to the Argentinean Invasion of the Falkland Islands, Essays

Auditing and Assurance Accounting Failure and Governance

Question: Describe about the Auditing and Assurance for Accounting Failure and Governance. Answer: Introduction The financial audit is the process of examining the financial statement according to the audit standard. The aim of this report is to develop an understanding about the auditors potential liability as a result of global financial crisis. The financial crisis started in the year 2008 in US and after that it had spread all over the world. Further, the auditors have been also responsible at the time of global financial crisis due to lack of indecency, objectivity and expertise, and they also failed to escalate the malpractices of business institutions. Finally, the report concludes with useful recommendations to the auditors in order to minimize such global financial crisis in future. Global Financial Crisis Financial crisis started in 2008 as global financial crisis. It has been considered as one of the worst financial crisis in the world. Financial crisis of 2008 had happened because of housing bubble burst that means giving loan to the people who were not creditworthy (subprime), who may have difficulty in repay the loads. Due to this, around the world all stock market had fallen, many large financial institutions went bankrupt and the government in even the wealthy countries had come up with salvage package to relieve their financial system (CANSTAR, 2016). Lehman Brothers is the largest bankruptcy case in the history of US. On 15 September 2008, Lehman Brothers filed for the bankruptcy. It collapsed with $639 billion assets and $619 billion debts. This case provides an understanding of the risk that included in the business of Lehman Brothers and how they neglected it. This case also highlighted several facts about how the auditors may fail in executin their roles and responsiblitie s effectively. On the other hand, the bankruptcy of the Lehman Brother marked the starting of a new phase in the global financial crisis. In context of the financial crisis, Australian government was the first country that declared its motivation budget to fight with the inflation that was the major problem in the local economy. At the same time, most of the central banks successfully implemented the extra ordinary monetary policies for bringing the interest rates near to zero to avoid the economics collapse, and to promote the growth and inflation in the world. Due to the negative interest rate, it produced a strong positive effect on the consumption (Forbes, 2016). These crisises raised several issues along with raising the issue of Auditors liabilities in such cases. PricewaterhouseCoppers (PwC) one of the big four accounting and auditing firm, who failed to detect the problem to cut off. It was found that several companies had hidden billion dollars losses with the blessing of big four auditors and auditors role was seriously neglacted in such situation. In 2008, America Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation had sued the PwC for $1 billon, because it did not detect the fraud in Colonial Bank, and that went bankrupt in 2009. In September 2008, American international group collapsed because they could not afford to pay for all of the mortgage defaults in US. There were many financial institutions that were severely affected and collapses due to financial crisis such as- NetBank (USA), American Home Mortgage (USA), Terra Securities (Norway), American Freedom Mortgage Inc. (USA) and many more (The Economist, 2016). Auditors Liability under law Auditing is a significant element in the current business market position. There is no doubt that auditors have become simple target to blame for the commercial collapses in the current years. In a company, an auditor grasps a position of great responsibility to perform certain duties, which are assigned to him by the management. Auditors are generally liable in the situation, when they do not act with the proper care and skills that is mention in auditing standard. The liabilities of auditors can be described as below- Liabilities for civil and criminal activities An auditor is appointed in the firm to perform certain responsibilities. For this, auditors must take a reasonable care to execute their duties in the company. Due to the negligence of the auditors, client suffers some losses, than auditor may be held liable. Civil offences established the principles of auditor towards the client and third party, respectively. An auditor is responsible for detecting the misstatement and fraud in the business (ACCA, 2016). If an auditor shows clean views on financial statement, even after knowing the real picture then an auditor can be blamed for the fraud. According to the Rusch Factors, Inc v. Levin (1986) case under common law established that auditor was found liable due to ordinary negligence to third party, although the auditor was well aware of the fraud in the financial statement (OBrien, 1986). Legal liability of auditor towards client Meaning of third party is all parties such as investors, creditors banks and government, who depends upon the financial position and the financial information that are required by them to make decisions related to the investment in the business. According to the common law, an auditor is not responsible toward third party for an accidental negligence. But an auditor may be responsible to third party, if auditor makes statements with the motive of influence to the third party. According to the Australian corporation law, an auditors duty of care will be influenced by the expert view and confirmation of mechanism and skilled auditor in context of practices and standards of the profession (Gay and Simett, 2015). According to the common law, there is a contractual relationship between the auditor and third party. This relationship is called the privacy of the contract that refers a relationship between auditor and client for professional service. In some cases, there may be accidental liability of the auditors towards the third party, when there is a primary beneficiary relationship between the client and auditor. In this regard, audit is done with a particular objective so that third party can make particular decision. In this situation, third party can be able to prove the primary beneficiary relationship with the auditor. This way, third party will have right to sue the auditor just like client. According to the landmark case Ultramares Corporation v. Touche (1931) under common law is established that auditor can be liable for the third party beneficiaries for ordinary negligence (Koppelman, 2014). Proportionate Liability of Auditor According to the Australian corporation law, English law, and common law an Auditors liability is increasing due to change in the auditors responsibilities. Proportionate liability has been arising due to negligent misrepresentation from misleading and deceptive liability of auditor. In addition to this, objective of the proportionate liability was to ensure the liability of all suspects in the ratio of their contribution for the claimant loss (Johnstone et al., 2015). In this situation, auditors can be sued for the negligence by the creditors and shareholder of the companies, because companies are bankrupt and they unable to congregate their responsibility. In context of proportionate liability, it does not include a reduction of auditors liabilities with relation to conduct the audit and preparation of audit report. The auditors liability is not reduced due to the proportionate liability because it allows them to rely blindly the data provided by the management. But the real situation is that errors in the financial statement are partly due to the carelessness of the company and its directors. For example, if the director of the company is deceitfully misstates the financial statement of the business, management is not able to detect this due to poor control and auditor performs an insufficient audit because of wrong audit opinion. In this situation, it would be clear to say that all the three parties are at fault. So shareholders can be sued the auditor on partly basis (ACCA, 2016). Potential Auditors liability in context of Global Financial Crisis The term auditor liability has become more complex in the recent times, which calls for various considerations and responses. Auditors have some broader liabilities to assume responsibilities towards the entities that they audit. Recent global financial crisis in particular, have increased the potential liability of auditors in determining the violation of laws and regulations. Also, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) has introduced a wide range of new statements on Auditing Standards, which have pointed out the liabilities of auditors regarding detection of irregularities and material errors in financial statements of an entity (Xu, Y et al., 2013). The Australian auditing standards closely aligned with International auditing standards. In order to fulfil its responsibilities, the Australian Law states that auditors must possess necessary skills and knowledge to solve financial matters. Moreover, auditors need to be highly reliable so that they can identi fy significant misstatements resulting from management fraud. In response to the series of legal actions brought against auditors, concern over the auditors responsibilities has also increased in Australia. Various major companies like Enron and WorldCom had collapsed in the United States during the financial crisis, which arouse due to accounting irregularities. Financial Statements of Lehman revealed profits for every year, from 2005 to 2007. However, Lehmans involvement in the mortgage crisis in September, 2008, had badly affected its profitability, due to which the bank had collapsed. The event had created potential legal liabilities on its accounting firm Ernst Young (Carnegie et al., 2014). The Court had found that the accounting firm Ernst Young had failed to scrutinize Lehmans bookkeeping. Some tactics were used by the Lehman Brothers inside the bank to hide $50 billion in order to show low debt-level of the bank in its balance sheet. As a result Ernst Young had faced potentially damaging civil litigation by private plaintiffs or the Securities and Exchange Commission or criminal charges by the Justice Department. However, Audition Profession of Australia has stated that primary role of detecting financial fraud is of the management of the entity and the auditors role is to give true and fair view on those financial statements. International Standard on Accounting (ISA) 200 makes the auditor responsible for issuing their opinion on the financial statements of the company (Alexeyeva and Svanstrm, 2015). Auditing Standards of Australia identify financial liability of auditors of an entity to obtain and provide reasonable assurance regarding accuracy of financial statements of that entity. The fact that employees and management of an entity may attempt to conceal material errors and irregularities in their financial statements, does not change the responsibility of auditors for successful financial audit engagement. Auditors are also responsible for ensuring quality control of work and audit work. Another liability of auditors is to make corrections and corresponding adjustments in financial statements. Auditors liability is also related to compliance with the reporting of accounts. According to Australian law, an auditor may be held liable for negligence, if the third party has suffered loss as a result of auditors negligence in reviewing companys accounts. In the case Columbia Coffee Tea Pty Ltd Anor v Churchill Ors t/a Nelson Parkhill, the Supreme Court decided that the liability of auditors had arisen because third party had relied upon the negligently audited financial statements. As held in the case of Lehman Brothers, Ernst Young became liable to pay $8.5 million fine to Securities and Exchange Commission. According to Australian Auditing Standards, there is a difference between an error and fraud. An error is made unintentionally. No personal gain is expected the person who commits an error (Carnegie et al., 2014). In contrast, a mistake which is made deliberately is called a fraud. In the global financial crisis, which had occurred in 2007, wrong presentation of assets and liabilities in the financial statements of Lehman Brothers was the main reason. If an error or fraud results in significantly influencing the users decisions, it may cause a potential liability on the auditor of that entity (Filip et al., 2015). For example, the Enron scandal led to the bankruptcy of the Enron. The company was recognized as one of the biggest audit failure. Enrons auditing firm was made liable for applying irrelevant standards while conducting the companys accounts. It resulted in the collapse of Enron, due to auditors negligence. Also, Enrons audit committee was later criticized for not having tec hnical knowledge and skills related to accounting issues. In addition to this, WorldComs scandal, in 2002, became one of the worst corporate crimes in US history. As a result, the C.E.O of the company was imprisoned for 25 years and also the company paid $750 million to the Securities Exchange Commission (Barker, 2015). The global financial crisis showed various evidences where due to lack of auditors independence, objectivity, and expertise, the quality of audit was influenced to a great extent (Donald et al., 2016). In light of the cases held, it is clear that auditors had failed to perform their duty due to which financial crisis occurred globally. According to Australian Standards, it is an auditors responsibility to correctly evaluate valuation of assets of the entity and to maintain proper functioning of the market (Liu and Webb, 2016). Auditors are also responsible for reducing the risk of information gaps in the market. Conclusion From the above discussions, it is concluded that the financial crisis that had occurred in 2008 had posed threats on the existence of various banks and financial institutions of the world. It had also put question on the objectivity and knowledge of external auditors. The discussions also reflect the role of auditors in financial instability and plaintiffs losses in the corporate world. It is also explored that the potential liabilities of auditors has become a serious issue that has a part in creating illiquid markets worldwide. Recommendations A challenging environment has been created by global financial crisis for companies and their auditors. By increasing auditors responsibilities such crisis can be reduced to a great extent. Further, in order to overcome these challenges, some useful recommendations are being provided. Auditors should increase their professional scepticism in order to deal with increasing litigation risk in the corporate world (Paul, 2016). Auditors should plan and review their strategies in order to respond effectively to audit risks. The auditors should try to obtain appropriate evidences and if it becomes difficult or the client seems to be risky, the auditor should quit that client (Gay and Simnett, 2015). They should increase their audit efforts so as to enhance propensity to deliver modified audit reports, if required. Also, certain effective regulatory requirements should be implemented by audit committee of Australia, in order to monitor auditors activities and practices. Moreover, only adheri ng to auditing standards is not enough, auditors should also make continuous improvement in audit quality so as to reduce audit risk and consequent drastic results significantly. Reference ACCA (2016) Auditor Liability. [Online]. Available at: https://www.accaglobal.com/in/en/student/exam-support-resources/professional-exams-study-resources/p7/technical-articles/auditor-liability.html (Accessed: 16 September 2016). ACCA (2016) Joint and several liability. [online]. Available at: https://www.accaglobal.com/in/en/student/exam-support-resources/professional-exams-study-resources/p7/technical-articles/auditor-liability.html (Accessed: 16 September 2016). Alexeyeva, I., and Svanstrm, T., (2015) The impact of the global financial crisis on audit and non-audit fees: Evidence from Sweden.Managerial Auditing Journal,30(4/5), pp.302-323. Barker, K., Grantham, R., and Swain, W. (2015) Law of Misstatements: 50 Years on from Hedley Byrne v Heller Hart Studies in Private Law. UK: Bloomsbury Publishing. CANSTAR (2016) Global Financial Crisis What caused it and how the world responded. [online]. Available at: https://www.canstar.com.au/home-loans/global-financial-crisis/ (Accessed: 16 September 2016). Carnegie, G.D., and OConnell, B.T., (2014) A longitudinal study of the interplay of corporate collapse, accounting failure and governance change in Australia: Early 1890s to early 2000s.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,25(6), pp.446-468. Donald, S., Bateman, H., Buckley, R., Liu, K., and Nicholls, R., (2016) Too Connected to Fail: The Regulation of Systemic Risk within Australia's Superannuation System.Journal of Financial Regulation,2(1), pp.56-78. Filip, A., Labelle, R., and Rousseau, S., (2015) Legal regime and financial reporting quality.Contemporary Accounting Research,32(1), pp.280-307. Forbes (2016) Potential Pitfalls Of Negative Rates. [online]. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/fidelity/2016/06/23/potential-pitfalls-of-negative-rates/#1abd65de6c74 (Accessed: 17 September 2016). Gay, G., and Simnett, R., (2015) Auditing and Assurance Services in Australia. US: McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Johnstone, K., Gramling, A., and Rittenberg, E.L. (2015) Auditing: A Risk Based-Approach to Conducting a Quality Audit. Australia: Cengage Learning. Koppelman, E.L. (2014). Recent Limitation of Doctrine of Liability for Negligence to Third Parties. St. John's Law Review, 5(2), p.6. Liu, L., and Webb, S.B., (2016) Laws for Fiscal Responsibility for Subnational Discipline: International Experience.Applied Economics and Finance,3(1), pp.118-137. OBrien, C.N. (1986) the legal environment of the accounting profession, North Atlantic Regional Business Law Review, vol. 19, pp. 102-119. Paul, E. (2016) Australian Political Economy of Violence and Non-Violence. Germany: Springer. The Economist, (2016) Accounting scandals. [online]. Available at: https://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21635978-some-13-years-after-enron-auditors-still-cant-stop-managers-cooking-books-time-some (Accessed: 17 September 2016). Xu, Y., Carson, E., Fargher, N., and Jiang, L., (2013) Responses by Australian auditors to the global financial crisis.Accounting Finance,53(1), pp.301-338.

Birmingham Letter Illusions free essay sample

Letter from Birmingham Jail Allusions in Section 3 Martin Luther King’s Letter from Birmingham Jail is one of the most well known documents in American history. King’s profound ability to articulate important ideas, values, concepts and Biblical perspectives made for some of the most powerful and inspirational pieces of American literature ever produced. One technique that King used in his public speeches and letters was his allusions to historical figures, the Bible and opposing congressmen. During the 60’s when cultural prejudice still held strong roots in Congress, it was King’s talent to inspire the public that revolutionized America’s racial injustices. King’s frequent use of allusions in his famous Letter from Birmingham Jail proved his intelligence and greatly attributed to his success and popularity during the 1960’s. His allusions demonstrated his referential capabilities while also making his messages readily relatable to the public. It was often said that it was not King’s intelligence that made him seem so acumen, but that he was â€Å"well read†(knew much from reading). We will write a custom essay sample on Birmingham Letter Illusions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His frequent allusions to major documents and famous statements in contest to his adversaries ultimately lead to his dominance in public speech. In the paragraphs 12 through 14 when king references the election of mayor Albert Boutwell, he states, â€Å"We are sadly mistaken if we feel that the election of Albert Boutwell as mayor will bring the millennium to Birmingham† in paragraph twelve. The millennium is an allusion to a specific verse from the Bible’s book of Revelation interpreted as the 1,000 years in which Jesus comes back to earth to restore peace. He made many correlations to the Bible and major public documents, such as the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights to make his arguments accurate and mainly understandable by restating vital rules and quotes that even the illiterate could comprehend. In these paragraphs he quoted the Bible by using phrases like â€Å"moral light, â€Å"abyss of despair† and â€Å" unjust posture. † King used the word â€Å"wait† in this section of the letter multiple times as a allusion to the current denial of rights to African Americans that had been going on for the last 340 years. He also stated that â€Å"justice too long delayed is justice denied† in correlation to the current racial dilemma in America at the time. All of these direct references made for some of the most significant and powerful American literature ever created and made Martin Luther King one of the most successful authors in this period of civil revolution. By reinforcing his argument with allusions that the public could relate to, King was able to greatly impact the civil rights movement of the 1960’s and ultimately bring around the social turning point of the century that provided racial equality to all and smother prejudice in America thereafter.

Free Essays on Mirror

Mirror Sylvia Plath I chose the poem Mirror by Sylvia Plath because I think it is a good representation of what I have learned in this class. Plath uses metaphors and symbolic gestures to tell a simple story of a woman growing old. The story is told from the inanimate perspective of the silver mirror. Obviously the mirror being a stationary item, the poem can only be told form the woman looking in it, not the mirror following the woman. Hence, the poem can only make references by the woman’s obsessive behavior of repetitively checking herself out. However, the mirror perspective is also shown from the lake. The woman looks at herself in the tranquility of the water. Plath brings up that a young woman drown in the lake, and that the old woman rises towards her everyday like a terrible fish. That enforces the multiple perspective of the mirror, that in which the woman glances in both the mirror and lake. The woman â€Å"growing old† is important in this poem because of the fact that the mir ror has been there this whole time. Viewing the woman on a daily basis the reflection seen is growing old. Plath talks about the moon and candles being â€Å"liars†. I infer this metaphorical relationship as being a false reflection. Both the mirror and the lake give the woman’s reflection. As is the moonlight, and the candlelight flickering in the dark. They are all reflections, and I have a theory that this poem itself Is a reflection on another meaning. Plath says, â€Å"I see her back, and reflect it faithfully. She rewards me with tears and agitation of hands. I am important to her. She comes and goes. Each morning it is her face that replaces the darkness.† I believe that this has another meaning. Maybe to a loved one. The reward of tears and agitation is saying that it is a pleasure to grow old with the sharing of love with this person. And when they wake up in the morning, the first thing the loved one sees is her face, old or young. Thi... Free Essays on Mirror Free Essays on Mirror Mirror Sylvia Plath I chose the poem Mirror by Sylvia Plath because I think it is a good representation of what I have learned in this class. Plath uses metaphors and symbolic gestures to tell a simple story of a woman growing old. The story is told from the inanimate perspective of the silver mirror. Obviously the mirror being a stationary item, the poem can only be told form the woman looking in it, not the mirror following the woman. Hence, the poem can only make references by the woman’s obsessive behavior of repetitively checking herself out. However, the mirror perspective is also shown from the lake. The woman looks at herself in the tranquility of the water. Plath brings up that a young woman drown in the lake, and that the old woman rises towards her everyday like a terrible fish. That enforces the multiple perspective of the mirror, that in which the woman glances in both the mirror and lake. The woman â€Å"growing old† is important in this poem because of the fact that the mir ror has been there this whole time. Viewing the woman on a daily basis the reflection seen is growing old. Plath talks about the moon and candles being â€Å"liars†. I infer this metaphorical relationship as being a false reflection. Both the mirror and the lake give the woman’s reflection. As is the moonlight, and the candlelight flickering in the dark. They are all reflections, and I have a theory that this poem itself Is a reflection on another meaning. Plath says, â€Å"I see her back, and reflect it faithfully. She rewards me with tears and agitation of hands. I am important to her. She comes and goes. Each morning it is her face that replaces the darkness.† I believe that this has another meaning. Maybe to a loved one. The reward of tears and agitation is saying that it is a pleasure to grow old with the sharing of love with this person. And when they wake up in the morning, the first thing the loved one sees is her face, old or young. Thi... Free Essays on Mirror Mirror†: Reflections of Truth In Sylvia Plath’s poem â€Å"Mirror†, the reader takes a look into the messages presented and compares them with the reflections that are cast in a mirror and images in a lake. When reading this poem, we discover that the speaker is the actual reflection that gives the interpretation of its views. The first interpretation is shown as a mirror on the wall â€Å"I am silver and exact. I have no preconceptions.† (1), second as the water in the lake because she states â€Å"Now I am a lake.† (10), and third through the eyes of an aging woman that is revealed in line 17 â€Å"In me she has drowned a young girl, and in me an old woman/ Rises toward her day after day†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In the first stanza the reflection personifies the ability to take in what it sees without judging stating â€Å"I have no preconceptions/ Whatever I see I swallow immediately/ Just as it is, unmisted by love or dislike/ I am not cruel, only truthful†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1-4). Many descriptions make the reader see through the eyes of the mirror as if it were able to speak back to him or her. The reflection views its surroundings in a manner of a small child who has the ability to take in or ingest whatever information is presented without regard. Visual imagery plays an Barker 2 important role in this poem and the descriptions make the reader immediately understand the truths within a mirror. In the water, the reflection portrays the shadow of a woman as she soul searches for who she really is in life. â€Å"Each morning it is her face that replaces the darkness† (16), because she can not find exactly what she is looking for in what she sees through the reflection. As a result, she reminisces about the lies that were told to her in the past, thinks about brief sensations with a flicker of doubt, and gazes through the shadows of the moon while she wanders about passing time aimlessly. She’s been faithful in her visits to the lake , because the c...

Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Innovation - Essay Example The main difference between technology driven and innovative driven companies is that technology driven companies use new and faster technology to operate their organizations. On the other hand, innovative, driven organizations come up with newly innovated products to attract customers. For instance, banks using automated teller to serve their customers is a technology driven move. On the other hand, companies like Apple strive to come up with new and better innovation so that they can offer their customers better products. Additionally, the other difference between organizations that are technology driven and innovative driven is that technology driven organization tries to come up with better means to serve their customers (Daft, &Marcic, 2004). This does not mean they keep changing their products, but they insist on using technology that enables them to be faster and efficient. Therefore, innovative companies’ main objective is to come up with better products for their cust omers. They always come up with better products, and that is how they attract consumers. Moreover, innovative driven organizations are normally organizations that deal with customers indirectly since most of the time they are

Strategic entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Strategic entrepreneurship - Essay Example This form of entrepreneurship encompasses advantage seeking and opportunity seeking behaviour which benefits an organization for long run. Collaborative innovation is a foundation for strategic entrepreneurship. In today’s competitive world it becomes important for firms to seek continuous innovation and generate new ideas. Sustainability in intense competitive industry makes it necessary for firms to give more importance to teamwork and promote collaborative innovation approach. However strategic management comprises of certain issues which are faced by managers in due course of adopting such concept. Corporate entrepreneurship and strategic entrepreneurship can be defined as an approach that helps to create wealth and value in organization. A typical example of such entrepreneurship can be observed in research and development department of an organization that creates value and supports functional department of a firm and even provides value to the end users. The major intention of such form of entrepreneurship is to create competitive advantages and then exploit them so as to stay competitive in the market place. Strategic entrepreneurship and corporate entrepreneurship as described by Hitt, Ireland, Sirmon, and Trahms (2011) enables a firm to utilize its capabilities and knowledge in the present environmental condition as well as exploring future opportunities through enhancing capabilities as well as application of new knowledge. Novelty and flexibility are considered to be the two most important elements that describe such form of entrepreneurship. This approach even states that there needs to be a balance between exploiting and exploring by a firm. It is partially dependent on the type of competitive environment of an organization. The input-output-process model of SE describes the resources required for strategic entrepreneurship along with its probable outcomes. As per

Innovation Strategy Implementation And Managing Changes

Innovation Strategy Implementation And Managing Changes Innovation strategy implementation and managing the changes across the organization has become one of the tedious tasks. This project completely deals with the innovation strategies and the organizational structure change management strategies followed by few organizations like Nestle, Vodafone, JP Morgan, Nokia and IBM. To study the innovation strategies of these companies, basic innovation steps taken by them at their organization level and the level of collaborations are considered and these strategies are evaluated. Each and every organization has their own strategies of innovation and managing the changes and each of them are investigated as per the project objectives. Change in the organization structure can lead to many strategic changes across the organization and these need to be handled in a perfect manner. Open Innovation is the common innovation strategy followed by most of these organizations and with the perfect implementation of this innovation method will help in bala ncing the structural changes of the organization. This project report completely concentrates on the OpenInnovation methods followed by the mentioned organizations and the success factors recorded with respect to this method of implementation (Brummer, 2007). Innovation based products are advertised and now a days, a lot of significance is placed on innovation based products. Attitudes of the companies are discussed and in order to evaluate the innovation of the companies, innovation based products are very important. First, check how innovation management is strong in the companies which means to what extent the companies receive money on their innovation based products. Second, check whether the Research and Development departments are strong in the companies or not. Investigate and assess the business links by means of new technologies of markets, politics, industrial production processes, R D policies, investments, immaterial property rights, business models and technology trends (Coldrick, 2005). The company bearing its growth and opinions are understandable by the correspondents. A perfect combination of systematic understanding and technology helps in proper implementation of Innovation across the organizations. Balancing the technology and business management may result in some conflicts across the different departments of the organization. Different components of Innovation can be mixed to avoid the vauge operations of the organistation. The respective markets are identified and they are converted to a well educated systems by means of innovation journalists, and their principal interests (L. KieÅ‚tyka, 2008). Even there are many disputes across the journalism school and the innovation journalists approached to start a fresh professional communities. The basic ideas of innovation are considered and the corresponding companies are encouraged to frame their own ideas with the help of media. Success of any organization purely depends on the innovation strategies followed by them and they are considered as the factors to measure the success by any investor of the organization (Gustafsson, 2005). Chapter 3: Case Study Analysis: 3.1 Nestle: Nestle which is initially a traditional organization has recently changed into a perfect organizational structure. Nestle has accomplished transformations that shows a cognitive impact on the employees as well as the normal people. These developments are not made without any hard work or effort. Nestle has decided to adopt extreme implementations within the firm, as it has found many problems with the hierarchy level of the company. In order to keep up the education level of the employee and to expect for more accomplishment, Nestle has decided to extend the employees and provide better benefits to them. Even many restrictions exist in the pyramid model of the company. Career paths are the restrictions that do not encourage the creative ability, only rising support. The innovative offerings are implemented only from the peak in a pyramid type of organizational structure. Instead of fresh and innovative thoughts experience is preferred for support or promotion. Implementing this kind of organizational structure causes employees to be dedicated to their bosses, which in turn causes healthy competition within complete organization (Braun, 2002). Any organisaton should follow a set of innovation strategies to survive in the market. Currently Nestle is following a predefined strategies and if they could improve the innovation strategies they can reach their organizational goals. Recently Nestle introduced the concept of Open Innovation and in this process they integrated the external and internal ideas with in the management and the integrated ideas are posted across the technical frame work once the top level management approves these ideas and finally they are introduced in to the market place. Based on this OI strategy Nestle has set a goal to become No.1 in Food industry and they are taking the relavent steps in regard to this. To implement these changes Nestle has introduced few changes in different departments like Technical, RD and Customer centric patterns.(Carolyn Ott). Nestle has appointed around 5000 employees across RD departments thorug out the world with an investment of CHF 1.88 billion (Swiss Francs) in 2007. A part from the development in RD department Nestle has focused on Collabration programs with some other organizations and these collaborations include Simple contracts across the reseach field More than 140 collabrations with different universities Implementing Strategic Innovation partnership with other organizations (Breen, 2004). Innovation was ambitious by 15 % in Nestles Research and development investments in Beverages and Food. Also 7.5% increase in the matter of consumer facing marketing expenses in regular currencies. And the main drives of the organization growth can be a 70% growth in the products of Nestles Food and Beverages (West, 2008). Nestle belives in producing the product values to get the targetted profit rate and to achive this Nestle has created a set of innovation strategies to the stakeholders. So that it can improve the business in the best way to produce nutrition food products, health and wellness offerings and also it can improve performance further. Nestle is having greater belief that it can follow right strategy and initiatives to achieve greater success. Nestle is always looking for the quality of the foods and products and quality of life for the customers with specific nutritional needs. By following strategy and innovation needs, Nestle can be defined by its business models interms of new marketing, service offered, sales and distribution channels, advertising and also by the new loyal policies. Business models can be defined interms of technology portfolio, management team and also by the business industries who are seeking venture capital. Recently Nestle has introduced the concept of integrating the innovation skills to Leadership. A set of Leaders from different departments are identified and they were made to train each and every employee of the respective organisation regarding the latest strategies that were implmented across the organisation. Apart from the Leadership strategies, Nestle has concentrated on different product development and they have implemented few marketing strategies to reach the consumer satisfaction. It has introduced a concept called CustomerNeeds where all the customer needs are identified and analysed and the required strategies are changed as per the customer feedback and the innovation plans are changed accrodingly. Nestle has implemented an innovation concept called IdeaStore where all the ideas from different levels of management are collabrated with in the organisation. Different partners of the organisation are trained with the latest innovation strategies of the company for a course of 2 days and a typical IdeaStore holds the key information about the latest innovation strategies implemented by the organisation. Nestle strongly believes that professionalism is a key to success, and that needs to be implemented in a responsible manner by its employees and management. So recruitment of the right people and their development with the ongoing training is very important. Nestle is following all these strategies and getting success in its field. In each of its market Nestle follows and respects all applicable local laws (Stuckenschmidt, 2007). 3.2 Vodafone: Vodafone has recently changed its organizational structure in 2008 and defined a set of roles and responsibilities across its team and the hierarchy is as below Group CEO Chief of Staff CEO of European region CEO of Asia-pacific and middle east region CEO of Central European and Africa region Based on this division of roles among the CEOs it could successfully manage all of the region employees and able to bring them on same platform and with this implementation Vodafone has concentrated on the local markets and improve the customer service quality. Following are few achievements of Vodafone after the successful implementation of Organisation structure Improved the ability to deliver seamless corporation across the multinational corporations Facilitated 3G services to the customers Simpilified decision making (A.T. Kearney, 2005). Vodafone is one of the successful business organizations. Five key strategic objectives set out by Vodafone, are considered as the landscape in the telecommunication industry. Vodafone is having drastic changes in the matter of consumers increasingly seeking products and services that can meet the communication needs completely. Vodafone is having a wanted desire for values and simplicity, intensifying prices, increasing technology and also pressures which are common and regular. Here are the five strategic objectives: Stimulate revenue and reduce costs In emerging markets deliver strong growth Deliver and innovate on customers total communication needs To maximize results actively participate and manage the portfolio To implement the strategies that can improve the coordination between customers and organisation In the series of presentation, now a days Vodafone is outlining its approaches to produce on these five strategic objectives (Stathel, 2009). Cost reduction: By reducing costs of the services Vodafone can increase the customers, so that the business can run successfully. Vodafone in Europe follows the strategies like cost reduction and revenue stimulation. These strategies give a more mature mobile market place. By implementing the cost cutting methods across the voice, message and data services, Vodafone has fetched more number of customers across the market. By resulting in operating expenditure savings, group overheads can also be reduced and expected reduction can be estimated. By doing changes in the technology and services Vodafone is successful in its field (Manson, 2003). Market rate: By delivering strong development in up-and-coming markets, Emerging markets are predictable to produce an increasing proportion of Vodafones development or growth in the next five years. Out performance against the original business cases, and significant growth in the markets are targeted by the Vodafone for recent acquisitions. Benefits of establishing a dedicated business can be highlighted by Vodafone in its restructuring announcement and focused on capturing growth in these markets. Robust performance can be highlighted by the Vodafone in its emerging markets portfolio which can be done with its continuous strong growth profile (L. Rutkowski, 2006). Based on the customer needs and feedback, Vodafone has changed the innovation strategies. Vodafone is having a belief that its approach of mobile centric can be attained by satisfying total needs of the customers and also by providing basic performances like mobility and personalization to the customers. Vodafone has implemented a set of practice code as per the requirements from customer services. Vodafone can provide data communication services and also mobile voice services in different countries. It provides roaming services in undergoing an agreement with other mobile services in addition with the services like broadband and fixed line services. It also expanded internationally in some countries by the acquisition of the existing mobile operators. It provided world class service even to the cutomers of the developing countries. For example, recently vodafone had undertaken 67 percent of hutchison-essar telecommuntion shares in India. By doing so it became the second largest cellular operator in terms of revenue in India. Vodafone has implemented an innovation concept and opened few stores known as Widgest shops, where it has provided call rellaying to the customers, providing a dedicated channel to the customers and unlimited data usage(Stathel, 2009). Marketing: Marketing strategies followed by Vodafone has made the company a leader in its field. Vodafone follows the knowledgeble way to get good market rates by reducing prices. It had attracted more number of customers by introducing low cost packages than its competitors. It had even attracted customers from all communities by providing superior quality of service and suitable packages. By providing contractual sales of handsets it had binded many customers to its network. It had made a tremendous mark in the history of advertising by introducing innovative methods like zoo-zoo ads in India. All this made vodafone to be a pioneer in telecommunication industry all over the world (A. SokoÅ‚owski, 2007). Vodafone has introduced an innovation concept known as Joint Innovation Lab, where different service providers are integrated to share their ideas and these companies include Vodafone, Verizon Wireless, China Mobile and Softbank Mobile. All the four companies use to implement the innovation strategies and develop mobile services and data services as per the customer requirements. JIL will launch new attracting services to the customers as per the technical changes across the market and introduces all new strategies to attract the mobile internet users. Consumers can interact with the global innovation groups and share their ideas with the integrated companies (Piller, 2006). 3.3 JP Morgan: JP Morgan has introduced a change in its organization structure recently to improve the quality of services provided to its customers. The main intention behind introducing the change is to open few centers of excellence that provide the best of products trading across all the regions. This organization change has effected the JP Morgans Treasury services and it could now able to deliver the world class market leading trading services and supply chain management services. It has appointed almost 100 new supply chain management leaders with few senior management people to implement the proposed organization change. JP Morgan chase co is one of the leading banks in the banking sector worldwide. By following different strategies and the structural changes reflecting the strategy, JP Morgan is successful in its way. JP Morgans performance initiative centres which are around three themes which can be given as Sales force and customer development: In this particular process the general problems of sales can be defined. Project managenment Supply chain management (A. ņºoÅ‚nierski, 2006). These can maintain the balance in between long-term objectives to short term objectives. Based on the above mentioned stages, the performance and the outputs will become more efficient. One can achieve strategy through balancing competing values by increasing stakeholders value as the main goal or primary goal of the business. To maximize economic value, it must balance customer satisfaction, growth considerations and competitive market forces with internal costs (Riedl, 2009). JP morgan implemented the innovation strategies in integration with the technology and has come up with few modules of innovation and they are discussed as below Athena: Athena is the most innovative technical tool from JP Morgan where it can be used to estimate the cross marketing and trading process of the organization and this system is used across most of the foreign exchange and commodities systems. ComputeBackbone (CBC): JP Morgan has introduced a much sophisticated technical advent known as ComputeBackbone where it can make use of more than 5000 CUPs in a grid at a time and this can be considered as the best innovation step taken by JP Morgan. Core Process Reengineering : JP Morgan has introduced an innovative process known as Core Process Reengineering where it can improve the quality of project life cycle and cross-asset performance. This process can be used for better data change management. To enhance the clients service experiences across the technical innovation, JPMorgan has conducted a research and developed a model known as Three-pronged strategy and this is implemented by the organization for service related process enhancement. First the capabilities of the firm are extended under the E-care program.Many web-based capabilities are included in this program and this program also includes integration of service into clients work flow. The company has introduced the internet services to balance the evolution of services related to cash management to a web-based environment. Using this E-care program the client can send and receive information through additional channels flexibly. This program also provides a facility of making easier to answer, by providing direct obtaining or retrieveing of information from a storage device (repositories) and increase clarity through a wide range of information.The client is also provided with an automated inquiry tracking system to better identify the relative position of the service request and to gather service quality reports.These offerings of this E-care program increases the efficiency, develops control, and allows client to enhance accuracy by avoiding data re-keying. It also works as a possible result, so client can gain information at anytime and at any location. Furtherly JPMorgan will also offer the clients the ability to reach service staff live at anytime in online process. Secondly, to make flawless execution a certainity, JPMorgan has automated this E-care accomplishing process by tracking every component of it using technology.Atlast, the organization is developing its automated process for controlling inquiries by progressing recent functionality and complementary tools that will then increase service effectiveness.The motive of this is to allow client or the staff to be active in performing root-cause analyses and recognizing the possibilities that help the client to enhance directly through a prescribed procedure or to avoid time waste on inquiries. The crucial part to JPMorgans process is its accurate methods for searching processes and products to make modifications that give better results.The company looks forward to the clients to get an improvement in quality of end-to-end service, for example, in some inquiries,flawlessly controlled accomplishments and many other choices with in available channels for initiating service contact (Ogawa, 2006). 3.4 Nokia: Right organizational structure is very essential in every organization to achieve success with out which even its strategy cannot be successful. So the structure needs to be planned in a proper way. Nokia has a number of collaborations and merges initially and due to this there are many changes in its basic organization structure. Nokia concentrates on two main aspects before it implements any technical change across the organization and they are as below Does the organization has technical core competency to manage the change Does the organization has sufficient time to implement the required change If the answers to these two questions are negative, then Nokia will try for a new collaboration and outsourcing the change. To improve the innovation strategies across the organization, Nokia introduced a simple method where the market shifts and drop in the market shares are diverted to the customer satisfaction funds and thus improving that particular department and this process has the following benifits To drive strategy , resources can be allocated with greater ability To make sure that the relavent information is escalated to the right people at right time regarding the innovation strategies. In the financial performance it gives a greater transparency of its technologies and key products which can reflect the effectiveness of the strategy . Nokia has used innovation network to deal with the changing technologies, likely in mobile phones. In mobile manufacturing industry, innovation technologies are particularly very important where product life cycle is short and the technology changes rapidly. Large companies need to be competent in the global economy in such a way that the firm remains competitive, which challenges the firm to develop innovative methods (Miles, 2009). It can be divided into three questions: On product development with whom, on what and why Nokia collaborate? To explore or exploit the new technologies and how does Nokia use technologies for the transformation of its business? Till what part does Nokia fit the open innovation paradigm in the overall business strategy?. (A. Arundel, 2006). Nokia is also implementing the Open Innovation methods these days to integrate the external and internal ideas with in the organization together. Nokia venturing Organisation is focusing on different profitable ventures across different organizations to innovate the new business proposals. Nokia Venture partners are focusing on investing across the mobile and I/P related business activities. Nokia has started a Research center where it has collaborated with around 500 research associates for the perfect implementation of Innovation. It has started a News letter named OpenThread where all the innovation strategies followed by Nokia are published in form of different articles. ForumNokia is the technical forum developed by Nokia and provides space for different users where they can share ideas, comments and technical aspects of mobile usage. Hence we can say that Nokia is making use of Open Innovation to create new products and technologies across the mobile market (Gemunden, 2007). IBM: To manage the organizational structure change, IBM has conducted a worldwide survey with the data of around 1500 multinational organizations and came up with a perfect conclusion report. The main reasons for these changes would be because of implementing the customer satisfaction services, to grow the revenue and sales. Even the effect of globalization and change in technology would lead to the organization changes in terms of innovation. As per IBM, there are five important traits in the organization change and they are listed below Hungry for change Innovation beyond the customer imagination Global integration Disruptive by nature and Genuine, but not generous (P. Drucker, 2007). IBM has made the structural change as its core competency with in the organisation and it was successful in implementing the strategies through it. IBM has listed few key factors to manage the change successfully and they are as below Perfect Leadership Employee management Honest communication (Longo, 2007). To improve the business across the globe IBM has introduced a new innovation method known as ABC, where A is Allignment, B is boundaries and C is Commitment. Alignment: Alignment mainly concentrates on communicating the business strategies to the end users and stakeholders. This particular alignment can be further categorized in to vertical and horizaontal, where the vertical alignment deals with the translation of business innovation strategies in to organization strategies and creates an implementation plan and once this plan is ready, the implementation procedures are done. Horizontal alignment always creates a new organization unit or modifies the existing ones. By integrating the horizontal and vertical alignment, innovation leaders can motivate the behavioral aspects of the customers. Boundaries: In most of the cases, strategic partnerships fail because they are typical to manage and collaborate different ideas. The common areas where these collaborations fail will be in the terms of decision making, legal agreements, cross cultures and ownership rights. Identifying a best partner will make these problems to be solved and these partners include potential customers, suppliers and government groups. History and culture should be taken in to account as the partnership terms will be for longtime and understanding the basic boundaries of each and every group is the basic step to be implemented before forming an innovation collaboration. Commitment: Organisations should be commited to the organization changes and transformations when are working in a collaboration for innovation (Lonsdale, 2009). Chapter 4: Conclusion: Innovative strategies have become the key factor for any organization to enchance their quality of operations and improve the organization performance. From the above discussion it is clear that each and every multinational organizations are following the innovative strategies to mark their place across the international market and improve the product values. By implementing the proper innovation techniques, all these organizations are accomplishing its targeted revenue and customer support across the world.

Analysis of Country School

Country School – Allen Curnow By Abdulla Al-Muhannadi In this poem ‘Country School’, Curnow basks in reminiscence of his old school where he drifts away in recalling his childhood. As this poem re? ects childhood reminiscence, the narrator seems to realise that things aren’t as dull and bad as they seemed before, along with the portrayal of the overall issue of ageing. However, the tone of the narrator seems to sway between enthusiastic and apathetic as there are many times when the tones seem to differ between two extremes. The persona is describing a country school that seems to be somewhat dilapidated in condition. The vivid image drawn by the alliterative phrase ‘paint all peeled’ supports the fact that the school is indeed deteriorating. ‘Tufts topping’ enables the reader to visualise a country school architecture, with ‘pinus tufts’ on its ‘roof ridge’, establishing an image of a typical country school. Through the usage of colloquial language, these vivid images hold more detail then one might think they do at ? rst. For instance, the word ‘dunny’ evolves a picture of local Australian toilets enlightening the audience to the smallest of details. Furthermore, ‘girls squeal skipping’ conjures up an auditory image as the little children are playing around him (supported by the sibilance). Several kinds of onomatopoeia help to describe what the persona is experiencing. THe ? uid ‘r’ sounds in ‘rank’ and ‘roof-ridge’ help to integrate the ideas, linking them and helping form a wider image of the country school. Also, the ‘b’ sounds in ‘bargeboard, weatherboard’ and ‘gibbet belfry’ calls attention to the detailed observation, helping build up a solid image. Curnow employs parallelism as well as repetition in order to create links in this poem. The parallel comparison, or contrast, of ‘how small; how sad’, draws a link with how he seems to be recalling his days back in school. The passing of time and his ageing is revelaed as the very doors that seemed huge from a child’s point of view, are now described as being rather ‘small’. The persona refers to himself as a third person and this is deduced through the repetition of the word ‘you’. Perhaps the persona had a rough time reconnecting with his old school that he felt more comfortable referring to himself as a third person rather than ? rst. The rhyme scheme is irregular; perhaps something that re? cts his irregular pattern of this recollection of memories. It also reveals the lack of assurance, and the hard time he seems to have re-adjusting to his past. ALthough is does follow an imperfect rhyme scheme (e. g. topping-skipping; waves-eaves; than-began; small-wall), the ? uctuating rhymes and discordant sounds allows the audienc e to notice his discomfort while revisiting his school. Curnow has made use of an unstable structure (so to speak), for the poem doesn’t hold a constant number of stanzas, rather it begins with 3 and 5-lined stanzas and ends with two 4-lined stanzas. This growth of stability, signi? ed by the proper structure of the last two stanzas, re? ects the growth or the increase in the poet’s clarity of understanding. It’s as though he ? nally realised that the very things that were unsettling or intimidating to him as a child (e. g. ‘terrible doors’) are not as bad as they looked. This minor epiphany seems to be mimicked by the structure of the poem itself. Similarly, the narrator seems to get distracted momentarily and this can be shown in the second stanza after ‘Pinus betrays’. While observing the pinus he drifts away into talking about how they function. However, he does get back on track in the third stanza (‘for scantling pinus’) as his focus shifts back to the tall trees that seem to be guarding the school. There is the use of enjambment as well: ‘‘paint all peeled on bargeboard’, ‘scattering bravely Nor’ West gale’, etc. This suggests the pace at which the narrator seems to be remembering his past and the sense of excitement is established with this upbeat pace. The poet employs colloquial language, chie? y to perhaps connect with his audience and communicate on an informal level by talking about something as casual as ‘school’. Gibbet belfry’ would be an example of his simplistic yet local language helping the reader further visualise the school and its locality in detail. The idea that the school started along with the persona himself brings into notice that it might not be as old as one would think. ‘you call it old’ further suggests that he i s merely just referring to the school as being ‘old’ when it’s not in actuality. The idea of ageing has been linked to the pinus trees that grow mature ‘in less than the life of a man’. This line suggests that the time period for a tree to gain maturity is lesser than the time taken for humans. The word ‘scantling’ further backs this idea for as it describes the measurement of the maturity of the tree and to deduce its time of harvest. Similarly, the word ‘terrible’ implies that the poet wasn’t actually fond of the tiny doors when he was a child, and its reference as being ‘sad’ suggests its dilapidated state. It’s through words like these that the audience is able to sense a hint of unpleasantness in the poet’s past as he fails to hold an optimistic approach to this walk down memory lane. Rather the tone seems to be somber and melancholic. Furthermore, it insinuates that the narrator pities the state of his school. This poem holds a variety of ? gures of speech used and this perhaps re? ects the variety of emotions he himself goes through in this nostalgic visit to his old school. Alliterative phrases such as ‘paint peeled’, ‘roof-ridge’ and ‘tufts topping’ all help the audience in building up a vivid image of the school. A similar imagery effect is achieved through the series: ‘bargeboard, weatherboard and gibbet belfry’. Using neologism (made-up word), the phrase ‘snub-worn’ points out that the school isn’t in the best of its condition as the ? oors have worn out. The pinus trees that portray the same pace of ageing have been personi? d as they’ve been accused of betraying the school and not guarding the roof rom the rattling ‘Nor’ West gale’. However, the trees have also been described as ‘scattering bravely’, perhaps an attempt to denote the nobility of what the tree is doing for the school (by scattering the strong winds and defending the meek school structure). This task of the trees has been compared to the ‘reef’ through the analogy ‘as a reef its waves’ for the wind is scattered just as the tidal waves are scattered by the reef, drawing an interesting comparison with the two elements wind and water. In addition, the comparison of the ages between the narrator himself and the trees establishes through the usage of polyptoton (where words/phrases derived from the same root are repeated) ‘less than a life of a man’ and ‘together your lives began’ further stating the common point in time as they simultaneously began this process of ageing. The poet holds a humorous, as well as a sarcastic, tone when saying ‘O sweet antiquity’ as it’s been made clear that they’re not so old, let alone antique. Curnow has successfully, in my opinion, demonstrated through this persona, someone who seems to be in denial of growing old. It’s obvious that the narrator is just as old as the school, but we ? nd him calling the school antique, suggesting that he doesn’t feel like he’s getting older but ? nds it okay to exaggerate other’s age (sort of comedically hypocritical I would say! ). Through the poem, I’ve realised that it’s still possible to savour the past without having to hold the same perspective. In that sense, times change and so does one’s perspective, however, it doesn’t mean that things remain the same throughout and the very things that seemed unpleasant once upon a time might seem laughable now (as Curnow clearly demonstrated in the poem).